Каждому частному владению нужен забор. Even if you live in a forest wilderness, where the probability of finding a robber or ill -wisher is zero, the fence will protect you and your garden from wild animals. There are many varieties of fences, but not all of them differ in strength, reliability and durability. In order not to be afraid for your life and value of property, it is better to immediately build a strong fence of stone, concrete or metal. For such fences, it is necessary to first lay the foundation, otherwise a strong gust of wind, a blow or power of the heaving will overturn it. In this article, we will talk about filling the foundation for a do -it -yourself fence.
Why the fence is the foundation
If you are going to build a truly strong and durable fence around your site, he absolutely needs the foundation. What happens if, for example, just stick iron pillars into the ground and pull a grid between them? Firstly, iron will very quickly begin to oxidize and rust. Secondly, with the onset of spring, the water, frozen in the ground, will begin to melt, reducing the strength of the soil (the earth will smell), and the heavy pillars will be bought. With the onset of cold weather, moisture in the ground will begin to harden, while increasing in volume. Pillars in the ground will be so closely that they can simply reach the surface. Фундамент же удерживает опоры забора в вертикальном положении и не позволяет силам пучения и другим факторам навредить ему.
В большинстве случаев для заборов закладывают ленточный фундамент, но бывает и так, что удобнее соорудить столбчатое основание. It is better to use strip for heavy fences made of stone, concrete or metal, especially if you have to work on heaving ground. A solid reinforced concrete or bottle base will hold the fence in place, even if a hurricane wind blows. Such designs are the only sure solution for installing monolithic fence sections 2 m long, since no other base can withstand such a load.
Video about pouring the foundation for the fence will allow you to more clearly understand the technology of work:
In this case, the strip foundation differs slightly from the foundations for the construction of houses and is a whole reinforced concrete or bottle -concrete tape, the width of which can vary from 20 to 40 cm. The width of the foundation determines the size of the fence section and supporting elements. The foundation is 50-60 cm in height, and it is important that this indicator is the same along the entire length. Otherwise, you get a curve fence.
To fill the foundation for the fence, you can use cement of a lower brand than to work with the foundation for the home, since in that case the load is not so large. The M250 or M300 brand is suitable, but if we are talking about a really heavy fence, for example, about a design made of natural stone with a height of 3 m, it is better to buy M400 cement.
Reinforcement can be placed inside the cement tape, more precisely, a reinforcing cage. Толщина арматурных прутьев составляет 8-12 мм. They are then needed so that the monolithic concrete tape does not crack under the influence of the load inside the soil and under the weight of the fence. You will find more information on this topic in the article " Ribbon monolithic foundation».
With formwork or without?
Many fairly experienced self-taught builders, starting to build the foundation for the fence, are faced with a choice: should the formwork be built before pouring or can you do without it? We offer to consider this issue.
If you decide to make the foundation without formwork, you will need to install the supporting pillars for the fence sections and firmly fix them into the trench even before you pour concrete there. The cost of pouring the foundation for a fence in this way is not much lower than if you made formwork, but there are several nuances. First of all, it is necessary to drive the pillars deep enough-so that their lower end enters the ground 10-15 cm below the level of freezing. You can find out this level in SNiP 2.01.01-82, where there are depths of freezing of soils for each region of the country.
Important: to know the level of freezing of the soil is especially necessary on clay, loamy soils and soup, since they are more prone to heaping forces.
The image below indicates the approximate depth of freezing of the soil in various Russian cities from larger to smaller (in cm).
So, when you drove pillars into the ground (freezing depth+15 cm), they must be fixed in a strictly vertical position. To do this, you can use any improvised materials, using them as undergrounds: pipes, stones, bricks. After fixing each column and after pouring concrete, check the verticality by the construction level or plumb line. But before pouring the solution, the pillars must be tied with a reinforcement in three “threads”, fastening all the joints with welding. Here you need to take into account an important point - the reinforcing cage must be placed so that after pouring concrete it is in the very center, that is, at an equal distance from the bottom and top (at least 10 cm).
The formwork is needed, for the most part, for beauty. If you lay out a brick or stone fence, then its basement should be straight and accurate so that the masonry is even to lie down and do not have to do additional finishes. For the manufacture of formwork, you can take any boards or plywood, having previously treated them with machine oil or exploring (as they do not stick to concrete, and after the foundation is solidified, the formwork is easily dismantled).
Stages of filling the foundation
Any construction begins with the preparation of determining the location of the future building and preparing the site. In the case of the fence, this site will go along the entire perimeter of your possessions, so the first thing is to designate it. To do this, stick pegs into the ground at a distance of 3-5 m from each other and pull the rope between them. Now you can calculate what is the length of the future fence and foundation, respectively. This will help to purchase the necessary materials in the right volume.
Useful advice: when you calculated the number of materials required for the construction, add 10%to this value. Since here we are talking about such things as cement, sand and reinforcement, then even if you do not spill this supply, you will easily find where to apply it on the household. Article " Calculation of the strip foundation»Help you understand this issue.
In this chapter, we will consider the technology of filling the foundation for the fence of a shallow type. This means that the lower part of it will not reach the level of freezing of the soil. Such a foundation will respond to seasonal movements of the soil, rising and dropping with it, so it can only be laid on a homogeneous ground fence along the entire length of the fence. If several types of soils are found on the path of the foundation run, or the earth is too abusive, it is better to replace it with a mixture of sand with gravel to the entire depth to the freezing point. As an alternative option, you can build a pile-left or buried foundation, but the cost of such an event will be higher. More details about this type of foundation are described in the article " Land -shaped tape device».
By the way, the price of filling the foundation for the fence is not so high if you work with your own hands. The main materials are cement, river sand, gravel and iron rods are not so many. You can also reduce expenses by transportation by personal car. You will find more information on this topic in the article " How to save during the construction of the foundation».
Этапы строительства ленточного фундамента для забора:
- After you designated pegs with the rope of the boundary of your territory and the length of the future fence, make markings in the width of the future foundation. To do this, you can use a spray can or in another way to designate a measured distance.
- Dig a trench in accordance with the marking and a depth of 50-70 cm. Try to make the bottom of the trench turn out as even as possible.
- At the bottom of the trench, pour a layer of river sand with a thickness of 15 cm, pour abundantly with water from a watering can or hose to tamp it thoroughly.
- Pour the same crushed stone on top of the sand layer. It is better to purchase crushed stone with different sizes of fractions and mix it so that there remains less free space between the stones. In this case, gravel can be replaced with granite or brick crumbs. Together with sand, it creates high -quality drainage, which will divert underground, sedimentary and meltwater from the porous structure of concrete. If you immediately fill the concrete in the trench, such a foundation will not last long.
- On top of the gravel, you can lay a layer of waterproofing material - roofing material or ordinary building polyethylene. This will serve as an additional protection of the concrete tape from getting wet and extends the life of the foundation.
- If you are building a fence, where the pillars will serve as the supports for sections, arrange a garden drill and drill the holes in a trench with a diameter of 20 cm. The depth of the holes should exceed the depth of the trench by 30-40 cm, and the distance between them is 2-3 m (depending on sizes of sections used). На дно каждой лунки насыпьте 10 см слой песка, чтобы обеспечить элементарный дренаж.
- Shit the pillars in the holes and put them strictly vertically.
- Tie the pillars between themselves with reinforcement, strengthening the joints of the rods with welding. It is not very convenient to work in the cramped space inside the trench, so it is better to use a mobile and black welding machine. There is another way to reinforce the foundation for the fence - steel rods are installed in an upright position, sticking them into the drainage pillow. After that, the reinforcement is bandaged with horizontal jumpers, connecting the elements with each other using welding or steel wire.
- If you lay out a brick or stone fence, set the formwork so that the walls of the upper part of the foundation are even and neat. On the inside of the formwork shields, make markings that will indicate the level of concrete flood. This is a very important point on which the evenness of the future masonry will depend. If you are afraid that pour the tags with a solution, fill the wooden rails instead.
- Prepare a classic solution by mixing cement with sand in a proportion of 1: 3. First, mix dry components, and only then gradually add water, without stopping mixing. The consistency of the solution should be quite thick, but not lumpy. Since you will have to fill a rather large area, it is better to rent a concrete mixer or order a ready -made solution. The latter will be more expensive, but you will quickly finish with the main stage of work. To increase the strength of the foundation to the solution, you can add a little gravel or granite crumb. If you have to work in the cold season, use special antitrosis additives for concrete, which will not allow water to freeze too quickly.
- After pouring concrete, check again and, if necessary, adjust the verticality of the pillars.
- Process concrete with a vibration aircraft to remove air bubbles (they reduce the strength of the foundation). If there is no such machine, just climb the solution with reinforcement or stick.
After that, it remains only to wait for the solidification of concrete and begin to build the fence itself. Depending on the weather conditions, it will take from 6 to 15 days. If weather forecasters portend rains, cover the foundation with polyethylene so that it does not overstate with moisture.
If you have to build a fence on a slope, in no case do not build an inclined foundation! In its entire length, it should be strictly horizontal, so it is better to build a stepped structure.
At first glance, it seems that building a fence is easier than light, but now you see that this work is associated with a mass of nuances and technical features. We hope that we managed to fully state the information, and you can build a reliable fence on a strong foundation.
