Technology of the device of a tape monolithic foundation

A ribbon monolithic foundation is the design of the foundation of a building that allows you to equip the basement and suitable for most soil types. The ribbon foundation is designed so that all of its lines coincide with the lines of future walls. The construction of such a design is one of the most simple ways of building a private house.

Varieties of ribbon foundations

Conditionally, all bases of the belt type are divided into two groups, which are characterized by some indicators:

1. Small-brewed structures - penetrate the soil at a depth of no more than 70 cm, because they are considered the most economical on time and building material. But this design is applicable not to all types of buildings and soils. It is reliably and hard it will keep only a lightweight structure of wood or foam concrete, no more than 2 floors, which is standing on sustainable soil with high density.
2. Outwind design - the optimal level of penetration into the soil exceeds the level of loading of the soil by 30 cm. Suitable for any soils and buildings.

Experts are recommended when building a design to deepen it into the soil by 2-2.2 m, as this will allow you to equip a basement with wide functionality. But the cost of the foundation of the ribbon monolithic from such a depth of penetration into the soil is significantly higher than less malubacing design solutions.

Advantages and disadvantages of the constructions of a ribbon monolithic foundation

A ribbon monolithic reinforced concrete foundation has many advantages over other types of structures. The structures of this type have high strength, since this indicator depends only on the depth of the reel. Thanks to the same factor, such a foundation is constructed on any types of soil. If the base is not stable and has a small density, then when calculating this factor takes into account this factor and make the depth of the foundation slightly more.

Tape foundations serve for many years and are suitable even for the most complex architectures of buildings. At the same time, not only the function of the foundation for the structure is performed, but also an additional basement is created, which is equipped as a garage, boiler room, pumping, chulad or cellar for storage of products.

But there are disadvantages of such a type of construction. First of all, it should be noted that a blurred design will require high time and materials. When equipped with the foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench, as a result, a large amount of soil is formed, from which it is necessary to get rid of. The construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation will last several days and even weeks, since the technology will not be able to speed up this process possible. With all its disadvantages, the tape construction is so convenient and durable that the builders everywhere apply it when erecting residential buildings. The technology of the tape monolithic foundation is discussed in detail and is described in subsequent sections.

Marking Foundation Mounting Points

All work on the construction of the building begins with the markup of the territory. In this action, the accuracy is important at least in all other, therefore use the plan of the house for marking the necessary points for a monolithic belt foundation. The drawing of the house at the construction stage is already on the hands of the construction of people.

The carriage markings are performed, which are clogged into the soil, or trimming of reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 m. The material is clogged into the ground to a depth of 0.15 m, each pegs are connected to the lantium cord. When all markup elements are in their places, the length of each side and each diagonal is measured with a long roulette. These measurements should show the same indicators for each side. If in some places the indicators do not coincide, then not all angles in the markup are direct. It is necessary to find and eliminate the admitted inaccuracy.

If all the indicators coincided, the corners of the future building have the necessary degrees to be considered straight. In this case, the ditch equipment is proceeded for the base of the house. For convenience, the marking of the carriages are supplemented, which determine the depth of the ditches.

Trench equipment under the foundation

The method described here is the basis of the foundation for the house does not provide for the equipment of the basement, therefore the solution will be poured without formwork. This method of construction can significantly reduce the costs of it. For the foundation, it is necessary to dug a channel with a width of 50 cm and depth 110. The method for digging is selected at its discretion. Trench equipment with the help of special equipment is the fastest option, but more costly. In addition, during manual equipment, the ditch decreases the volume of land extracted from it, and therefore the costs of its export decrease. The walls of the trench emitted by hand have a more flat surface, while the concrete solution is economically consumed when filling.

When the equipment is cone of the trench, the height of its inception - about 30 cm from the floor of the ditch. The expansion forms the so-called "heel", which when pouring the solution will increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe base soles, thereby increasing the reliability of the entire structure. At the bottom of the finished trench fill a 10 cm sand and tamp it. For better stacking pillows sand watered water, in this case, the natural shrinkage will occur.

Manufacturing of the carcass reinforcement for the foundation

After the trench equipment, the next no less responsible stage begins - reinforcement of the foundation. The device of a ribbon monolithic foundation, like other technologies of the basis of the foundation, provide for reinforcement as a mandatory stage, without which the construction will not be quite reliable and durable. In this case, for reinforcement, it is optimal to use fittings with a diameter of 12 and 8 mm. The first stage from the reinforcement knit rings, for this:

1. On a steady basis, a channel is fixed.
2. On the two of his ribs, grooves are drunk using a grinder.
3. Armature is inserted into the prepared recesses.
4. The pipe is put on a slightly larger tube.

As a result, a design is obtained, which groves the metal on the principle of the lever and greatly facilitates all the work. With this tricks, the reinforcement is bent into rectangular rings of the same size. The size of each ring is calculated based on the size of the ditches, that is, the foundation bases. In this case, a ditch of 1.1 m was dug, into which the sand was riveted with a layer of 10 cm, that is, the size of the ditches reduced to 50 cm wide and 1 m depth. The optimal size of the reinforcing rings for it is a height of 70 cm and width 30 cm.

To optimize the process of manufacturing rings, reinforcement rods are used, the thickness of them is 8 mm, the length is 2.3 m. Placed the rods, the first mark from the beginning of the rod is placed at a distance of 0.3 m, the second is 0.7 m away from the second mark. Another 30 cm and put a third mark, another 70 cm from it the fourth. Thus, a distance of 30 cm should be left until the end of the rod. Inserting reinforcement on the channel, the reinforcement is inserted and excavated by the places.

When all rings are ready, the process of their strapping is beginning. To do this, use a knitting wire that is bent with a tick or a special hook. Such a tool is sold in construction stores or is made independently from an unnecessary trowel, the end of which is bent and sharpened, or from the exported electrode. The wire for the rods of the size of 10-14 mm is taken with a thickness of 1.2-1.4 cm. If there is a smaller wire in the presence, then it is bent several times. The material on the bending must be pliable, such qualities have an annealed low carbon steel. If the wire beeps badly, then it is maintained for about 30 minutes in the fire, and then give to cool. Such a measure will make the material more elastic. Rings are associated with each other and start making a reinforcing frame.

For frames, the material is taken with a diameter of 12 mm, the size of the frame is calculated based on the size of the future walls. That is, the length of the rods should be equal to the length of one side of the structure. Extra pieces are cut to fit the size of the rod under the necessary one. Short bars are pronounced to the desired length with knitting wire. At the same time, the nestrest of one rod on another is made at least 1 m, so that the structure is quite reliable. Making a frame looks like this:

1. In the previously prepared rings, the rods are trained in length.
2. With the help of knitting wire fasten the rods with rings.
3. The finished frame is 4 rods, which are located on the 4 opposite sides of the ring. Another rod is located at the highest point of the ring. Additional rods are fastened inside the frame or just fasten from above.
4. The first ring is tied at a distance of 1 m from the start of the rod, all subsequent mounted through each 90 cm.

As a result, 4 frames are obtained, two of which are along the length of the house and two in width. For foundations no rectangular shape, respectively, fit 1 frame for each external structure of the structure. The finished frames are stacked in the ditch and bind to each other. For the attachment, the corners that are manufactured in this way are used:

1. Cropped from 12 mm reinforcement a piece of 2 m.
2. Each piece bends at right angles with the equity of the parties. That is, each side of the angle is 1 m. It is convenient for this to use the lever system, which was described above for the process of manufacturing the rings.
3. Corners are applied to the outer angles of adjacent frames and fasten the wire. This procedure is carried out at the top and bottom.

Installing a finished reinforcing frame in the foundation

At this stage, the frame is already installed in the ditch to its permanent place, however, the ribbon monolithic foundation is done according to some rules that must be observed. These rules concern and laying the reinforcing base into a ditch.

• Under the frame put the stone base so that it does not lay directly on the pillow. The height of the clearance should be at least 10 cm. Any stone fragments of suitable size use as a lifting material.

• It is necessarily checked by the construction level of the frame surface. If in some places the error is made in this indicator, the evenness of the entire foundation will break off after it is filling with a solution.
• The reinforcing skeleton is attached to the side walls of the trench. This is necessary in order for when pouring the solution, he did not change its position in space. The twisted reinforcing frame will reduce the quality of the finished base for the house. For fastening, pegs are used, which are horizontally driven into the walls of the ditches and are tied to fittings. It is enough to fill fastenings every 2 meters along the entire length of the ditch.
• Fully installed reinforcing skeleton has such measurement indicators: the distance to the bottom of the ditch is 10 cm, to the upper point of the ditch - 20 cm, to the ditch walls - 10 cm.

The size of the frame, the thickness of the rod for it, the depth of bookmarks and other parameters depend on the building of which size is the collection of monolithic ribbon foundation or reinforced concrete construction. The above calculations are true for a small weight building with one floor.

Concrete Pouring to Fundam

Before filling the solution, it is necessary to take care of the holes for all necessary communications. For this, it is checked with a house plan and in the necessary places lay pipes or any other objects suitable and diameter. After pouring the solution in these places, the holes for laying pipes will remain. The second method provides for punching holes for pipes already in the finished foundation. But using this method on a monolithic ribbon foundation, the price will be much higher. Since punching holes in a frozen solution for a long time, expensive and not very safe in terms of the strength of the structure.

Before harvesting or ordering, the solution is calculated. It is calculated by the most simple formula that helps calculate the volume - the depth indicator, length and widths of the docks are aligned with each other. The resulting digit and will be the meaning of the required amount of solution in cubic meters.

When laying a concrete in several stages, this way is proceeding:

1. The place of the junction of the old and new layers of the solution is cut off apart from each other. To do this, boards or formwork are put on the flooded layer of concrete.
2. When pouring the next layer, the formwork is removed, and the seam is wetted with plenty of water. This is necessary to remove the cement film and better grasp different layers.
3. It is important to make seams between layers only vertical, horizontal seams should not be in the fill of the foundation of the tape monolithic. The video posted below will clearly demonstrate the whole process.