Basement in the garage do it yourself

If you have a garage, then you probably at least once thought about to equip in it a small (or even spacious) basement. What to say, the idea is very good, because this solution allows you to increase the useful area for several square meters. How to use it is the tenth thing - in the basement you can store the crop and conservation, make a workshop and a small bar with billiards or desktop football ... It sounds just wonderful, but how to make a garage basement correctly, so that it is durable, dry and durable? This will be discussed in our article.

General requirements

The basement in the garage can be used in different ways, ranging from storing blanks, vegetables and fruits, ending with an underground bar or workshop. The bottom line is that the economic benefit of such an event is evident - you are without significant investments increase the useful housing area. The construction of the basement can be viewed as a profitable investment in the future, since the garage with the cellar will be assessed at times more expensive than the usual, if you ever decide to sell it or rent it.

Of course, it should be understood that such premises equipment - a task very difficult and requires specific knowledge, skills, and financial investments. If you do not stick to technology and know "pitfalls" can be obtained as a result of unserviceable cellar and throw good money after bad.

For example, during the construction of the basement in the garage should provide the following:

1. Reliable waterproofing - you need as much as possible to exclude the penetration of groundwater and sediment under the inside of the room. For it is not enough to use high-quality waterproofing materials. The first thing to know at what depth the groundwater lie on your site, and they are able to rise during periods of heavy rain and a thaw to what level. Based on the information, we can determine the future of the depth of the cellar and choose the appropriate method of waterproofing.
2. In some cases, one can not do waterproofing. It may have to do with the help of drainage drainage system. Constitute basement garage project only after evaluating the status and characteristics of the ground.
3. High-quality ventilation system - as in the basement anyway humidity level will be raised, should ensure regular ventilation. Otherwise, condensation will be the walls and ceiling, which will lead to the formation of mold and mildew. Sheathing sooner or later be destroyed, and will seep into the groundwater. This process goes unnoticed and takes a long time, but the consequences are very serious. In addition, food and other things that are stored in the basement of the cheese with a standing air will quickly deteriorate and rot.
4. Warming - if you plan to use the basement garage as a workshop or bar to relax with friends, it is necessary to insulate. The thermal insulation material must be as resistant to moisture, even if you made a good waterproofing. In the case of the workshop is important to choose fireproof materials.

construction technology

Before you take up the shovel and buy building materials, it is necessary to draw a detailed diagram of the basement garage. It must precisely display the scaled dimensions of all surfaces, floors, insulation thickness and amount of consumables, from the outer surface of the wall, ending with a decorative trim in.

It should also be previously known whether it is possible to go into the ground on your site by 3-3.5 m (maybe you are "lucky" and under the garage there are gas or water pipes). If you build a garage with the basement "from scratch", then prefer the foundation of a ribbon type, since in this case the foundation will replace part of the walls, and the basement will act as a ceiling.

If the groundwater on the site takes close to the surface and the level of humidity of the soil is increased, then building a basement in the garage is best of all of the monolithic concrete slabs. The construction of lightweight walls is rationally only in dry and non-empty soils. In this case, the main building materials can be selected by the sheets of asbestos cement roofing slate, laying them in 2-4 layers and attaching to a wooden crate. Skin the sheets between themselves are best in a bitumen mastic or a mixture of casein glue with a grade cement not lower than M400.

Note the main stages of work, how to build a basement in the garage:

1. Make marking around the perimeter of the future cellar, retreating from the walls of at least 30 cm, otherwise there may be shrinkage in the garage itself, and it will lead to cracking and destruction of its walls.
2. Having cut the necessary depth (2.5-3.5 m).
3. Align the surface of the walls and earth floor, as far as possible.
4. Each the bottom of the rubberoid, placing the sheets on each other by 15 cm and on the walls - by 20 cm. To enhance the waterproofing of the stroke Ruberoid in 2 layers so that the joints of the second layer are crossed with the joints of the first.
5. Make a concrete tie of the floor with reinforcement.
6. Early the walls of the basement of bricks, asbestos sheets, concrete or other material suitable in your case. There should be a small space between the earthen wall and the outer surface of the wall of the basement for subsequent outer waterproofing. It is performed using bitumen or other special mastic, having a mixture with a roller or a spatula on a long handle. If the distance is wide, you can enclose the basement from the outside by roll materials.
7. Since the height and width of the garage do not allow to operate with ready-made concrete slabs, make the overlap with their own hands from the boards, placing them horizontally and leaving the hole for the entrance. Place the rolled waterproofing on top of the boards, install the reinforcement frame, formwork and fill with concrete. The layer of concrete should be at least 30-40 cm, otherwise this overlap will not be able to withstand the weight of the car.
   
8. After drying, the concrete can be processed to the inner hydro and thermal insulation of the basement, carry out electricity and ventilation.

So briefly looks like the work on the arrangement of the basement in the garage with their own hands. We offer to focus on the most important points.

Paul in the basement

In order for the floor in the basement of the garage, it will be dry and the most warmly, it is necessary to think over this moment even during the digging of the pit. Increase its depth by 30-40 cm to leave the place for the drain pillow. Align the bottom, pour it off a 15 cm layer of sand, pour it with water to tightly tamper, and take a 15 cm layer from the rubble on top. Such a "pillow" will not allow underground waters to approach the waterproofing and gradually spoil it. In addition, sedimentary waters will quickly leave the crushed stone and the sand deeper, without lingering in the ground under the basement and without having it.

After the end of the crushed stone, the bottom is covered with rolled waterproofing in several layers or poured everything with liquid bitumen. After that, it is possible to make a reinforced concrete screed with a thickness of 20-30 cm. When it dries, it is very desirable to cover the concrete of waterproofing primer deep penetration.

It is permissible to make the floor in the basement and from clay if the level of groundwater running allows, and you have been equipped with reliable waterproofing. In this case, the clay is placed in two layers: the first 25 cm thick, then the coolest layer, and then the second layer of clay with a thickness of 40-60 cm. On top of the clay, you can make a board flooring. However, the option with reinforced concrete floor is optimal for the basement in the garage.

Walls in the basement

Material for the construction of walls should be chosen based on the physical characteristics of the soil. For non-empty dry soils, a full-length red brick is suitable, and in other cases it is better to use reliable and strong reinforced concrete. Brick walls after masonry should be covered with plaster from a cement mortar.

If you prefer concrete walls, then for their construction it should be first erected by a sectional formwork from the board. The height of one section should be from 35 to 40 cm. Inside, the reinforcement is installed, poured 30 cm layer of concrete, and when it dries - the section is rearranged above, after which they repeat the procedure until the wall reaches the desired height. The extensive section is fastening with the previous one with the help of rails and nails.

Useful advice: After drying the concrete or brick laying, cover the entire surface of the walls of the hydrophobic primer of deep penetration to enhance the waterproofing.

Waterproofing basement

Waterproofing basement in the garage should pay special attention, since it depends on it not only the convenience of operating the room, but also its durability. We have already figured out with waterproofing of the floor. As for the walls, there are nuances here. So, if in the process of digging, you found small streams of water in the walls, immediately close their oily clay. To do this, at the place of the leakage, make a depression of 40-50 cm and throw it tightly.

In the process of working between the wall of the kittle and the basement wall, the interval will remain. Outside the basement walls can be punched with rolled waterproofing or to deceive with mastic. The gap itself will score clay well. This can not be done if the underground waters lie deeper the floor of the basement. In wet soils, calene or sprayed waterproofing are used. Recently, the popularity of the protection of surfaces from the moisture of liquid rubber is gaining. This method is relevant not only for basements in wet soils, but even for pools.

Ventilation in the basement

Ventilation in the basement is another important point on which it is worth focusing. For a good and stable circulation of air flows in the base walls, small holes should be done. The ventilation system must be thought out in detail and plan on the diagram drawing. Air extractor can be carried out naturally or forced.

In the first case, the air movement occurs due to the pressure difference. As you know, the air is automatically moving from the low pressure area into the high area. In the apartments of multi-storey houses, natural ventilation is equipped, so you can easily understand what it is about.

To make the same system in the basement of the garage, do the following:

1. Take two pipes: one for the influx of fresh air from the street, the second - to remove the exhaust basement.
2. The exhaust pipe is attached near the ceiling and output the second end to the level above the roof of the garage by 30-50 cm. Since the warm exhaust air always strives to up, it will independently go through this pipe outward. The top hole of the pipe is recommended to close with a shallow mesh so that garbage or insects do not get there.
   
3. The supply pipe is located at 5-10 cm from the floor level, and print it out to the street and fix it 30 cm from the ground. It is also necessary to close the shallow mesh.
4. On each of the pipes you can make sash that will allow adjusting air circulation.

The lack of such a ventilating system is that in winter it does not work. You can avoid this if you insulate the pipes and periodically clean them from snow. The output part of the pipeline can be made removable to facilitate maintenance.

Installation of forced ventilation is similar to the above described above, only air circulation occurs due to a pressure difference, but by means of fans installed in the pipes. Such a hood does not depend on weather conditions and is more convenient to operate. More information on this topic can be found in the article "Installation of exhaust ventilation".

Heat basement

Finally, when it is finished with ventilation, you can proceed to the insulation of the basement in the garage. Make it must, even if you plan to store vegetables and preservation there. In the absence of thermal insulation inside it will be too cold, especially in winter, and all your workpieces are simply zoomed and ruled.

Popular insulation for basements is polystyrene foam. The usual expanded polystyrene is a foam, but it provides better protection and durability. Both species are not afraid of moisture, which is important, and are not susceptible to rotting. The thickness of the polystyrene leaf should be at least 5 cm for good thermal insulation.

Important: If the insulation is only inside, condensate is inevitably formed due to the difference in the temperature of the wall and internal space. If it is possible, warm the basement from the outside so that the dew point does not move inside the walls. If there is no such possibility, leave a small ventilation space inside the walls, attaching the insulation to the crate and protecting the vaporizolation membrane.

The ceiling in the basement of the garage also requires insulation. The exhaust air, heating, goes up and rushes onto a cold ceiling, resulting in condensate, and what it leads, we already know.

We tried to describe in most detail how to make a basement in the garage, but in each case, the technology may differ. It depends on the scope of work, the characteristics of the soil and financial capabilities.

Finally, we suggest you familiarize yourself with the video of the basement in the garage:

Basement in the garage: photo