A novice redevelopment in the apartment has to choose material for new walls, the ceiling, aligning the floor and other positive changes in the old interior. Many try to give preference to the budget option and pay attention to drywall. Opinions about building materials are very different. This information display will help to draw an independent conclusion about the benefits and harm of drywall.
Content
History of the invention of drywall
Dry plaster was invented in the USA. The exact translation of the term from English Drywall is a dry wall. At the end of the 19th century, a prototype of drywall was invented: a sandwich of several dozen layers of paper and a layer of gypsum. At the beginning of the 20th century, the building materials were improved and accepted the usual species for the present. A little later added the design of the edges of dry plaster. The first manufacturer of drywall from Sweden began the production of a new building material for sale in Europe. 
Properties of drywall from the position of environmental friendliness
The composition of the drywall:
1. GIPS - a natural mineral product. It is made of sedimentary rocks. By cleaning raw materials from impurities, grinding, drying at a temperature of 1800, gypsum powder is obtained.
2. Cardboard sheets playing the role of reinforcement. 
3. The gypsum mixture is poured between the two layers of the special cardboard.
4. Cardboard sheets are bent around the ends, closing the longitudinal edge of the sheets and forming a protective edge.
5. On a special car, the ends are given a kind of shape.
6. A plasterboard strip with a large kilometer is produced. The device cuts off from the continuous tape sheets of standard length-2.5 m.
7. Cutting standard drywall sheets are sent to the stove for drying. 8. The finished product is packaged in the corresponding container. 9. Modern industry produces several varieties of dry plaster:
- normal drywall. Consists of cardboard and a layer of gypsum. For the surface, gray cardboard is used. In blue, marking is applied from above. It is not impregnated with organicism or inorganic, absolutely harmless to health. Used for internal finishing work;
- moisture -resistant drywall. Sheets before drying are treated with a special antifungal and antibacterial composition that prevents you from making. We distinguish the sheet in a pleasant green color. The scope of building materials: for bathrooms, showers, bathrooms, any rooms with high humidity;
- fireproof drywall. It is reinforced with a net with refractory properties. The sheet withstands the effect of open fire. Fiberglass is used as protective refractory material. During combustion, cardboard casing sins and retains structural integrity. The combustion process is not accompanied by the release of carcinogenic volatile compounds;
- combined drywall. It is processed by a complex of protection against getting wet and combustion. The composition does not include heavy metals or toxic additives.
If products with additional protection are produced on modern equipment from the manufacturer that complies the installed sanitary standards, then all additives will be investigated for compliance with security standards, with the provision of relevant certificates to the buyer. The harmless materials for ecology according to the standards of the European requirement is determined.
Plasterboard harmful properties
The harmful properties of dry plaster can occur in violation of technological processes. In cases of using the manufacturer, unverified substances or additives. When using mineral raw materials for gypsum from an unfavorable area in the environmental environment. It is necessary to find out the compliance of drywall with the norms and GOST when buying the material, to demand the provision of quality certificates, the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemic services, to purchase building materials in a reliable company or from a well -known manufacturer. It turns out that with a responsible approach of the manufacturer to the manufacture of drywall, harmful impurities and damage to health are excluded. 
Hypsum cardboard harm to health
If the harmful effects of drywall on the body are detected, attention should be paid to the operating conditions and scope of building materials:
- Working with drywall is inevitably connected with sharp material. The dust secreted at the same time enters the respiratory organs. Constant inhalation of gypsum dust leads to irritation of the mucous membrane and provokes the development of SARS. Advice: The work related to the sawing, sharp, drilling sheets in the respirator. Upon completion of the work, remove the accumulated dusty garbage with a vacuum cleaner.
- Incorrect use of dry plaster. When using drywall of the usual composition for wall decoration, in wet rooms, the following process occurs: in the porous structure under the influence of dampness, a nutrient medium is formed for the life of fungal and mold microorganisms. The formation of these colonies harms the body, serves as a source of unpleasant “raw” or “basement” smell in the room.
- The performance of the slopes of the window openings from conventional drywall leads to the condensation of moisture in the internal cavity of the slope, the material is damaged with mold. As a result, mycotoxins penetrate the apartment. They adversely affect immunity, cause attacks of allergic diseases. Advice: Thoroughly think about the use of dry plaster, use building materials for the purpose. Use moisture -resistant drywall to finish the slopes of window openings indoors. If you treat the usual drywall with a fungicidal composition, then the condensate will not spoil the appearance, does not deform the material and will not create the conditions for the development of harmful microorganisms on the surface.
- Sometimes compounds of formaldehyde or phenol are found in drywall. This is not a frequent phenomenon due to the fault of the manufacturer. When choosing the material, do not trust cheap varieties of drywall, especially Chinese production. Domestic manufacturers always supply sold products with accompanying documents. Demand the presentation of certificates of conformity at the site of sales.
When discussing the dangers of drywall, take into account specific situations, correctly use the material on its purpose.
Practical tips on how to reduce harm from drywall
- Gypsum cardboard is not recommended to be used in a closed, impressive space with a moisture level above the norm. For lining or decoration of baths, saunas, showers, jacuzzi, it is better to apply another building material with high characteristics of water -repellent. The use of dry plaster in such rooms for lining a hinged ceiling in such rooms. Swelling, the material sags, deforms and can bring down the entire structure.
- For the construction or decoration of attic floors, outbuildings, fire -resistant drywall with guaranteed resistance to high temperatures is used.
- When purchasing sheets, make sure that there is a marking on each unit. The factory material has a blue mark. If there is no inscription on the surface or it is made by a faded pencil, refuse the goods. Most likely, it was released without a compliance with GOST, not certified or made poorly.
- Carry the sealing of the seams at the junction with a special finished solution intended for internal work in residential premises. Otherwise, you get a source of excretion of harmful substances with complete harmless drywall.
- To seal the seam, an elastic putty is the best material. It prevents the occurrence of a defective area in the structure when changing the temperature regime, which means it excludes the possibility of the formation of mycotoxins.
- Carefully filling the seam, provide sound insulation, remove the source of moisture penetration to the joints of the seam and prevent the fungal damage to the base.
- Technical drywall has the appearance similar to ordinary dry plaster. The difference in the core between the sheets. For a technical product, poor processing gypsum is used. The surface of the sheet disperses microscopic particles of dust into the air. A constant stay in a room trimmed with such a material contributes to an allergic reaction, reddening the eyelids, and the nasopharynx. It is recommended to use this type of drywall in non -residential rooms.
- In a well -ventilated room, drywall performs a humidity regulator. The porous surface absorbs excess moisture, and when the air is changed, it begins to emit water vapor into the surrounding space. Plan a good ventilation system, and dry plaster will serve not only for decor, but also for natural moisture or drainage.
- Performing the installation of partitions, openings, arches made of drywall, the surface dye is carefully selected. It must coincide with the technical characteristics of dry plaster, not change its porous structure.
Drywall harm and benefits
Analyzing the above information, the conclusion of the harmlessness of the drywall for the decoration of the home, housekeeping, office or state institutions suggests itself. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of using the material. Check the quality of building materials before the acquisition:
- Make sure that the gypsum layer has white color, without gray inclusions.
- Ask to check the sheet on the break. Make an incision and bend the product along the line. High -quality drywall breaks strictly according to the outflow, the edges do not have broken, irregularities, and gear peaks.
- Sheets with peeling cardboard surfaces indicate poor -quality goods.
