Without water from the tap, it is difficult to imagine the comfortable conditions of stay not only in the house, but also in the country. If we talk about watering, then the well equipped with the engine can solve this problem. But for other household issues, the presence of stationary water supply is vital. It is not difficult to conduct water supply in the country, but you need to know the basic rules for laying pipes, as well as the pros and cons of the materials from which they are made.
Content
Types of water pipelines
First, consider possible design options. Usually highlight:
- stationary water supply,
- temporary water supply,
- autonomous water supply.
A stationary water connection suggests that a pressure pipe is located near the site, which supplies water to the city. Unfortunately, most of the summer cottages are located from the main highways, so the use of this type of connection is not always possible. The water supply has only one minus - if the water supply has stopped in the highway, then the consumer is forced to wait for the system to restore the operation. From the pluses:
- minimum installation costs,
- high speed of water supply installation,
- constant stable pressure,
- lack of costs of buying additional equipment.
The summer water supply in the country or as it is also called, temporary, means creating a system that enlists water from any reservoir located nearby. It can be either a well and a lake, a river, a pond. The temporary nature of the water supply implies the possibility of installation in a hurry, i.e. There is no need to put pipes into the ground, equip the observation hatch, etc. Another big plus is the lack of water fee. But instead, electricity costs will increase, as you will have to install a fairly powerful pump. An even simpler option is to install a tank with water. If it is above the level of all water supply devices, then the pump is not needed. But once or two per season you will have to order a car with water, which will fill the tank.
If there is no possibility of equipping a stationary water supply, then the most optimal option will be autonomous water supply. Although its arrangement costs somewhat more expensive than the above options, it offers significantly more advantages:
- lack of interruptions in water,
- stable, adjustable pressure,
- lack of water for water,
- savings on the length of the highway.
It is the last point in some situations that makes it impossible to install a stationary water supply, since the cost of pipes sometimes significantly exceeds all the costs of arranging an autonomous network.
Review of materials for the arrangement of the water supply in the country
The basis of the water supply is pipes. They are:
- metal,
- plastic,
- metal -plastic,
- polyethylene,
- polypropylene.
Metal pipes were used at the beginning of the last century and are now gradually leaving the turnover. The reasons are quite understandable:
- subject to corrosion,
- poorly tolerate temperature changes,
- sensitive to hydraulic jackets,
- an effective service life does not exceed 10-15 years.
Plastic and metal -plastic pipes for the water supply in the country are used, as a rule, for water wiring inside the house. This restriction is related to the diameter. For high -quality pressure, you need at least 80 mm, better than 100 mm. Making PVC pipes of such a diameter is economically unprofitable. In addition, the cost of plastic products is much higher than analogues.
PND water supply in the country is the best option. Polyethylene pipes are not expensive, elastic and sold in large coils, which allows you to make seamless connections. In addition, polyethylene is resistant to any type of exposure, and its service life is at least 50 years.
Polypropylene is less durable than polyethylene. It is used for water conduits in which there is either no pressure, or it is minimal, i.e. for sewage. High pressure will most likely break polypropylene pipes.
The next mandatory attribute will be fittings. These are various couplings, corners and adapters that are used for connection. They are made from:
- high -strength steel,
- bronze,
- PVC,
- Pnd.
Since the outer part of the water supply is advisable to make pipes from the PND, the fittings should be bought by PND. They are mounted either by cold welding or gluing. Welding is preferable.
Despite the fact that fittings allow you to create various branches and transitions their use to the control pit is impractical, since it is extremely undesirable to violate the tightness of the structure. Wiring is done in the pit, so fittings will be needed there. The transition from PND to plastic or metal -plastics is carried out using a crimping coupling and adapter. For both varieties of an internal water supply, it is advisable to use high -strength steel. Bronze is quite fragile, poorly tolerates physical damage and easily bursts in the case of hydraulic boards.
Additionally, for the water supply, they may need:
- pressure injection,
- motor,
- tank,
- materials for installing the frame for the tank.
Pressure injection is extremely rare. They are used only if reduced pressure is constantly observed in a stationary water supply.
The choice of a motor is a separate question that should be approached as carefully as possible. Since not only the functionality of the water supply, but also its service life depends on the quality and power of the motor.
If it is planned to use a small injection tank, it is recommended to take plastic. Firstly, it weighs a little, and secondly, it costs cheaper than analogues. If we are talking about a large pressure tank, then only a large galvanized barrel is suitable. This is due to the fact that under the influence of light, the process of photosynthesis is activated in plastic, as a result, mold and fungus are formed. Water changes the shade and becomes completely unsuitable for drinking or bathing.
For a discharge tank, special mounts do not need. For tanks, it is recommended to use a welded metal structure.
Water supply circuit in the country
Before proceeding with direct installation, it is advisable to draw up a scheme of the planned wiring. It is done as follows:
- the place of water is noted,
- the distance from the fence site to the control pit is measured, it is necessary to do it on the street at a distance of at least 2 m from the foundation of the house,
- the following is the number of outputs, as a rule, it is one, but if there are several consumers on the site or the water supply is made for a group of users, then there will be more exits,
- the last step is to sketch water supply devices throughout the house.
It is ideal that the water supply is carried out by progressively, i.e. The cold pipe approached at the beginning to the double -circuit boiler or boiler, and already from them went to the cranes to the kitchen and in the bath. Making complex wiring schemes is undesirable for two reasons:
- overrun of the material,
- the presence of a larger number of compounds, each of which can flow.
If heating is not provided, then the procedure is somewhat simplified.
Dimensions are applied to the resulting pattern, after which the necessary material is purchased. In this case, it is better to make a certain supply in case of breakdown or damage to the cable and fittings.
Stationary water supply in the country and its installation technology
Since this option is the simplest, the procedure comes down to the following points:
- obtaining permission in the corresponding instance,
- digging a control pit 2x2 m, at least 2 m deep,
- brick cladding with a brick,
- digging a ditch under the pipe, its depth is equal to the depth of freezing of the soil plus 10 cm, in practice at least 40 cm,
- drainage falling asleep, 2-3 sands, drainage simultaneously performs the role of a protective pillow,
- installation of a locking valve on the end of the pipe that goes into the control pit,
- pipe insertion into the main highway,
- pilling the pipe with a layer of sand 3-4 cm,
- filling the ditch with earth.
Next, wiring the water supply through the house is carried out. Since this procedure is the same for all types, let's move on to its consideration. Installation is performed sequentially:
- connect a corner to a locking tap,
- fix the pipe on it,
- if flexible metal -plastic is used, then the pipe ring is unwinded to the room,
- if plastic is used, it is advisable to connect the water supply to the room with a whole piece of pipe,
- a pipe with cold water stretches to a water heating device, if provided,
- the first point is connected on the line, then the second, etc.
- to connect the point, the pipe with hot and cold water is cut, put a tee, the output of which must end with a fitting with a thread for a standard water supply hose that comes with the tap,
- steel fittings are used for metalloplasty, for plastic - the method of gluing or cold welding,
- you do not need to put a tee for connecting the last point,
- a corner is mounted on the pipes, to which hoses from the latter are connected to the crane circuit.
The plastic water supply in the country is preferable if it is planned to visit it only on weekends. For everyday life, it is better to spend more, but buy better and more durable metal -plastic pipes.
Water drainage for street tap is carried out according to similar technology. With the exception that it is necessary to install the tee on the shut -off valve and make separate bumps for the street and at home.
Installation of an autonomous water supply in the country
Since the summer water supply is a simplified version of the autonomous, we will consider the second option. Their cost differs non -essential, therefore, from an economic point of view, there is no point in establishing a temporary wrestling. In extreme cases, you can always agree with the neighbors and connect the hose to their tap, having previously specified the price of the question.
When creating an autonomous water supply system, it is important to determine the water source. If there is a river nearby, this is ideal. Tagging, ponds and lakes are not suitable for creating a water supply because they contain stagnant water, rich in various bacteria and pathogens harmful to human health.
If there are no rivers, then you need to dig a well. Its volume depends on the depth of the underground waters and the planned water consumption. According to the standards per person per month, 2 cubic meters of water are consumed. If watering is needed, then each hundredth of the Earth is assigned by another cubic meter.
For clarity, take a cottage with six hundredths of the Earth, to which 4 people come irregularly. Suppose 8 days a month.
V general.\u003d 6 acres*1 m 3+(2 m 3*4 people*8 days/30 days) \u003d 6+2.2 \u003d 9 m 3.
The resulting number is always rounded up to the whole value. If only 2-3 acres are allocated on the site for watering, then appropriate changes should be introduced into the formula.
The resulting 9 m 3 - This is the total water consumption in a month. In order to calculate how much water goes a day, it is necessary to divide the total volume by the number of days spent:
9/8 \u003d 1.2 m 3 per day.
The calculations obtained allow you to determine the power that the well must have. Depending on the region, the underground waters can be either very deep, or have low dedication. If the well is not able to provide the necessary volume of water, then it will be necessary to install the accumulative tank.
Let us return to this issue a little later, but for now we finish with the well. By itself, it will not yet provide water to the house. To do this, install the motor. At the same time, it is advisable to make wiring on two lines right on the water supply channel. The first will be intended for the home, the second for the street. Both lines are equipped with locking taps.
Next, the water supply is laid. If the need for water is not significant, then there is no point in buying a powerful motor and installing a storage tank. It is enough to turn on the motor if necessary. The start button using an electric cable is placed in any convenient place.
Nevertheless, such a system is extremely uncomfortable. Therefore, it is recommended to add another element to it - a cumulative tank. It can be made in two variations:
- dig into the ground,
- installed on supports.
Tanks of large volumes are dug into the ground, but they differ in one large minus, it is necessary to additionally install the pressure of pressure. The tank installed on the supports gives pressure on the principle of combined vessels. Typically, such tanks are installed on the roof, on the one hand, this allows you to get rid of the need to build a frame, on the other hand it makes it possible to place a fairly large tank.
If the country house does not withstand additional weight, then you will need to build a frame. The optimal size of the accumulative tank is 500 liters. The height of the tank above the ground level should be at least 3 m. At the same time, the separation of water supply into street and home allows watering into a straight line from the well.
The tank itself is quite simple. From the pump to it, either a thick rubber hose, or the same PND pipe through which filling is carried out. The entrance to the tank should be in its upper part. In the lower part, an exit under the water supply is made. At the same time, it is important that those parts of the pipe that pass in the open air are most high -quality insulated.
The specified method is the simplest option for creating an autonomous system. If you want to make a powerful water supply for constant use, it is necessary to study the float engines and pressure injection systems. Although their cost is much higher, they allow you to fully automate the process.
