As you know, the wind has not only a favorable effect of light coolness in the summer, but also it is capable of harming enough to harm the fruit garden. Therefore, it is necessary to concern in advance about the creation of natural or artificial windproofs, which will save the harvest from the effects of blowing cold and dry winds.
Content
What is windproof plantation
Windproof plantors are a landing, often from natural plants (for example, a dense alive fence from the FIKHT is a good example of such plantations). The main purpose that the wind protection performs is the protection of harvest from adverse weather conditions, due to which it is possible to receive a more abundant harvest every year. Without such plantations, the fruitful garden will not be durable, dried summer and frosty winter winds will quickly bring harm to fruit trees. Therefore, various materials are often used to create a reliable covering of vegetation on the plot. In addition, windproof protects against the natural growth of the Bianana, the seeds of which the wind with a force of only 7-8 m / s is distributed to a distance to one and a half kilometers.
If we consider the effect of wind from a biological point of view, it will become obvious that the windscreen allows you to reduce the blowing of pollen from trees flowers. Accordingly, their yield rises. Also right and in relation to garden crops.
The relevance of windproof plantations
Protection of the area from the wind has long been disturbed by the gardeners. Even at the end of the thirties of the last century (more precisely, in 1837) V. Ya. Lomikovsky, a well-known pioneer-pioneer in the field of steppe forest expectation, allocated the main quality of windproof plantations. It was mentioned that fruit trees that grew under the protection of dense forests or trees arrays - rarely damaged from adverse weather conditions. Moreover, the pattern was noticed that under such conditions, an increase in quality is noticeable and an increase in the amount of crop is observed.
Of the main useful properties provided by protective plantations, it is customary to allocate:
- effective weakening of strength and wind speed,
- reducing moisture loss in plants and soil,
- protection of plantings from freezing in winter,
- reducing the flux of melt and storm water,
- soil burning from saline
- creating your microclimate on the plot,
- channel protection from the appearance of weed herbs and harassment.
Thanks to the observations and general recommendations from the gardeners, there are no difficulty creating high-quality windproof at the present moment, especially since many studies have been conducted on this topic and hundreds of expert opinions, which then we will look at.
Varieties of natural windproofs
Several varieties of protective plantations of natural type are distinguished:
- external edges
- internal lines countering windstock.
Each species proved its feasibility and can be used even on a small summer cottage. For example, external edges are placed in the corners of the garden plot and several rows of low growing trees can act in their capacity. Such landing will allow you to weaken the wind and even change the nature of its impact. Internal lines have this advantage, so it is better to use both types of protection.
The difference between these two types of plantations is as follows:
- external edges are located outside the boundaries of the site. Accordingly, they do not occupy useful territory and are usually created to protect the whole country area,
- internal, on the contrary, are located either at the very border of the garden, or within its limits, so there must be a minimum number of space. Based on this, the barrage barrier is planted in one row (and this is not enough to protect against strong winds, so it is desirable to combine both methods).
If you wish to create good defense, you should consider several subtleties:
- windproof awards are best planted and equipped in two or three years before breaking the garden so that the trees have time to grow to the necessary height,
- the trees breed should be light-friendly and shadower (for example, a good representative of this type are coniferous, especially Canadian Tsuga - a tree that can grow with complete shadowability),
- if there are several rows, they must be alternate from different types of plants and trees,
Internal lines are already directly in front of the fruit garden. To create them, the birch, acacia, rosehip, lilacs are used (lilac is especially recommended - since it not only provides wonderful cut, but also attracts your beautiful blooming inflorescences and a thin aroma).
But what to do if such options are difficult to implement? Not every person can plan such long-term projects, expecting for several years so that the protective line trees have grown, and not every country area has such dimensions to attach it around the perimeter of maple and coniferous trees in three rows. Therefore, other methods of fruit garden windproof should be applied. And there are similar solutions - the use of artificial protection species.
Artificial windproof
A good solution that will not only provide high-quality shelter for green plantings from wind exposure is the use of materials that are able to combine several functions at once. For example, a practical plastic grid, the windproof ability of which is located at the height - will simultaneously be a rapid and economical solution when creating a protective perimeter. It is enough to break the support poles in the ground and stretch the network between them - the windproof system is ready. Such a decision will not only hide the orchard from the negative weather impact, but also to close the review of the neighbors.
- Manufacturers offer various mesh variants with different cell size under climate condition. The cost of the square meter is low, from fifty cents per square meter. Ready rolls are often offered, which are rapped around the perimeter of the site, closing the flowering garden from all sides. It should be remembered that the optimal dim spot area is 50%, it is such a network to seek first.
- The second method is no less important - this is the presence of a high fence on the site. For this, professional flooring is well suited, which will ensure reliable protection not only from the effects of chicken streams, but also from intruders.
- Third way, though not so popular - is the windproof film. The low price in a set with various embodiments in length and width ensured its popularity, especially as canopies. The film is well resistant not only to the streams of wind, and often has a moisture-proof coating of polyvinyl chloride. Such windproof material for attachment does not require special skills and tools. The mounting rings allow us to stretch the grid literally in minutes. The fence of the fence and boundaries of the site, flooring, protection of the gazebo from the wind - in all this is good windproof film.
However, the methods described above are mainly used in those areas whose owners cannot afford the creation of a whole windy structure on a modest square of six acres. The main minus the use of such types of protection is their unattractive aesthetic appearance. A live fence in any case will look much advantageous than metal pillars with the sections of the film or the grid. The use of materials of artificial origin in large quantities will frankly spoil the fraudity of the garden plot, so now the gardeners are trying to move away from such shelters, preferring landing of living ingreders.
In addition, banal pragmatism indicates that it is also more economical to do landing. The cost of trees varies from 100 to several thousand rubles per piece, nevertheless they are alive, capable of self-restoration and reproduction, therefore, once qualitatively by performing work, it will not be necessary to return to it. Artificial fences serve from two to 10 years, then they will have to be changed.
Windproof arrangement tips
Specialists have developed a number of tips that can facilitate the resettlement process windscreens:
- windproof best degree achieved in the presence of gaps in the coating that occupy up to half cover the area (for this reason, when selecting the protection of man-made materials in the first place should be seen on the mesh, fabric or plastic),
- to ensure good cover crops is better to plant the perimeter of conifers, which provide good protection all year round,
- windproof shelter from the film it is advisable to place near the greenhouse designs for an additional level of protection from wind and direct sunlight.
Implementation of the recommendations and the correct selection of elements windbreak will reduce the time to create an effective cover all of the fruit and vegetable plantations, which will necessarily lead to a good bountiful harvest.
Growing plants
However, one should bear in mind that windbreaks also require some care. It is based on:
- systematic care for the soil,
- cultivation between rows of plantings,
- manual weeding.
It will be useful to periodically (once a year) to carry out a shallow soil tillage (better to do it in the fall) with a further harrowing. Such care will ensure good growth of plants planted, in addition, will get rid of weeds and other pests.
If because of the peculiarities of soil or well-groomed area in the landing zone of the natural windbreak, a gradual drying up of vegetation, it is worth spending cyclical replenishment plants of the same type to replace fallen or shrunken. it is usually required for the plants, which are more than three years (in this case it is necessary to find out the causes of poor growth of trees and remove them).
Furthermore, it will require periodic cutting Windbreaks already grown. Pruning to be all dead branches and those shoots that prevent or hinder the growth of other trees.
The final factor is the preservation of forests. Various types of pests and ease, weather and climatic conditions, improper care - all of which can adversely affect the effectiveness of windbreaks and its durability. It is followed by care in the same way as for the shoots in the horticultural sector.
Recommendations on the choice of varieties of trees
When landing the windproof system trees, light-loving breeds are allowed. It is necessary to highlight the landing from the varieties of maple, especially variations, best suitable for fitting:
- field,
- acute
- tatar.
The thick crown, an excellent degree of frost-resistant and good shadowness makes the maple with a welcome element of the planned windproof system. Another distinctive feature is good germination on any type of soil: from well-fertilized to dry and poor minerals.
In addition, it is recommended to land a mellipid linden (known for its degree of frost resistance and shadowability), but it grows in contrast to the maple slowly and almost never tolerates saline soil.
In essence, each view has its indisputable advantages. For small sites, a good solution will land the living ingreders and fir, which grows in a short time, while forming a good degree of covers of planting from wind and the sun, in addition allowing even a small area to acquire a well-kept and beautiful view. Moreover, the arrangement of living hedges will allow cleaning the air on the plot, bringing the dust with the wind will first of all settle on the leaves of trees and shrubs. Plants absorb harmful gases, so such properties are especially important for the owners of sites in close proximity to the road.
Coniferous windproofs will benefit not only the site, but also to people, due to the allocation of beneficial volatile substances to the atmosphere, called phytoncides. These substances kill the person's harmful pathogenic bacteria, which will be an additional advantage in the already considerable list of advantages of a broken landing of protective plantations.
