The foundation is a very important part of any build. There are several options for the organization of the base. The most sought-after is a belt foundation. Such popularity is due to the fact that it does not require the use of large-sized equipment. In addition, the costs of the tape base device are significantly lower than when erecting other types of foundation. Therefore, many owners of private houses can afford it. In addition, this type of basis is quite easy to install. About how the bandmark of the belt foundation is performed - hereinafter.
Content
Bandmark and Ribbon Foundation
The main thing is to disassemble more - these are some technological nuances of this type of base. Dry non-empty soils are considered the most suitable for such foundations using a small way of embedding. If the depth for which the soil is freezing is quite large on the plot, then the construction of the belt base will be more expensive due to the fact that the impressive costs for land work will be required.
The base of the belt foundation is a reinforced concrete band, which passes around the perimeter of the built-up. As a result, it turns out a peculiar tape, laid under the supporting walls of the building. At the same time, it is important that a uniform cross section so that the perimeter is suppressed.
To date, there are several types of belt foundations, and choose the most suitable - very responsible and important task. If the construction is large, then it is better to prefer metallic, solid or prefabricated tape bases for it. With such a reason, you do not have to think about how to make walls for the basement or basement, because they will be built by the same technology as the foundation itself.
With an inhomogeneous structure of the soil, there is a risk of uneven precipitation. The belt type of basis successfully copes with such a situation and thanks to a single design will be able to redistribute efforts. This, in turn, will not give the walls at home to twist, and will not allow the appearance of cracks.
Building material that is used in the construction of the foundation affects its life. Dolver serve bobases on cement mortar. They can be operated 100-120 years. Monolithic concrete foundations can be served as much. From 50 to 70 years - the operational period of tape concrete grounds. Long less brick belt bases, namely, 35-50 years old. According to constructive features, two types of foundation are distinguished - monolithic and prefabricated. The first of them are collected directly in place. The teams are erected from the finished parts of the factory production. Together, its individual elements are fastened with the help of a crane.
The depth of the bookmark is distinguished by bases:
- finely brewed
- hooded.
The choice in favor of this or another variant depends on the degree of load. The first one is best used for light wooden buildings and small brick houses. The depth of its bookmark is only 60-75 m. The ground for it is preferable to choose the weakness.
For buildings with heavy walls and massive beams are usually used deep foundations. It is acceptable to the soil beneath it was heaving. If a house is a basement or garage that such a foundation - it's the only right option. But we must not forget that its construction will require much more funding costs and materials. Such a foundation is usually deepens approximately 25 cm below the depth of soil freezing. Under the inside walls of the building can be 45-65 cm depth.
Forms and types of constructions
- rubble concrete basis. A mixture of sand and cement with large stones - is all that is needed for this type of foundation. In this case, you should get a pretty solid foundation with a width of 0.2 to 1 m. In addition to this is always done cushion of sand or gravel. Its thickness should be at least 15 cm. With it leveled ground.
- Reinforced concrete strip foundation. The mixture for this type of base used sand, gravel and cement. To strengthen the applied metal mesh and reinforcing bars. Such a foundation is recommended to choose for areas with sandy soil. He's pretty durable and inexpensive.
- The main application belt base made of bricks considered support for aerial and underground parts of buildings, including the ground floor. But we must not forget that the brick is a hygroscopic material and wet it becomes more fragile, because of what can be destroyed, even with small frosts. Therefore, for this material runs quality waterproofing. Such bases suitable type in the case if the house has a wood frame walls or have a thickness of 1-1.5 brick.
For any structures can be safely to adopt foundation blocks and slabs. They are quite reliable and durable. Melkozaglublennye bases are built using rubble concrete and reinforced concrete.
Ribbon Foundation Bookmark Technology
Preparatory work
As before beginning any work with the space you need to remove debris and anything that might interfere with the markup. The very layout is performed both for internal and for external border of the foundation being built. Many for this purpose, available materials, such as pegs or reinforcing rods with a rope. But it is still recommended to do this with the help of special devices - laser levels. Strong errors should not be allowed to lay out, as it will affect the appearance of the building.
There are some guidelines, following which you can achieve a perfectly flat markup:
- So, it needs to determine the necessary built in the axis of the future.
- Next, with the help of a plumb, the point is planned, and the rope is tensioned at the right angle to other indoor corners.
- To determine another angle, you can use the coal.
- In addition, you will need to check the corners, focusing on the diagonal. If the check is successful, the rope is tensioning between the angles.
- Next, you can proceed to the internal markup. For this, an indentation is made from the external markup to the distance of the thickness of the future foundation.
When the markup is completed, it is necessary to inspect the irregularities on the place of construction and select the lowest point from which the depth of the trench will be counted. It will also eliminate the difference in the base height. With a small amount of construction, the depth of the trench can be only 45 cm. Land works begin with digging a pit. This can be done manually using a shovel or hire an excavator. The last option will help save a lot of time and strength. However, it will take a shovel for alignment of the edges of the trench. To measure the depth of the pit, it is desirable to use a water level. It is not worth doing to the eye of the measurement.
Installing formwork
When the markup is made and the trench is dug, you can start the mounting of the formwork. This work usually begins with the fact that the sand pillow is laid at the bottom of the pit. This is a very important detail, because Due to it, it is possible to reduce the load by distributing it along the entire surface of the base, and to some extent to save on materials. For the pillow, it will be necessary to make a layer of sand at least 15 cm, after which it is leveling horizontally and how it should be tamped. When it is done, it will take on top of pouring the crushed stone layer and lay waterproofing. For this, the rubberoid or polyethylene film is suitable. The foundation can not be poured until the formwork is ready. Formwork can be performed from undergraduated materials, such as plywood boards and unnecessary pieces of metal tiles. All structural elements are connected by nails or screws. Moreover, to facilitate the disassembly of the formwork in the future, the nails hats are left inside.
When the formwork is installed, it must be approximately 35 cm above the ground level. On the inside of the design at the level of the fill of the future foundation all over the perimeter is stretched by a rope. It is recommended to immediately provide holes for tap and sewer pipes. Otherwise, they will have to cut them out, which will violate the integrity of the basis and can affect its strength.
Then you need to put reinforcement. For this section of the bars 12 mm are bonded to each other by means of a special wire. Tie them as necessary to square cells with sides turned out about 35 cm. Welding Applications in this regard should be avoided. The fact that corrosion can occur in the joints. In matings have another advantage, it makes the structure when soil movement more flexible. Parts of the fittings must be inside the monolith. To achieve this, during installation it is necessary to see to it that all parties to abide by the indentation of approximately 6-7 cm. You can start grouting after laying reinforcement.
Fill and tab strip foundation
Before you begin to fill, should calculate how much it requires concrete. It is simple enough - is the product of three values, namely, height, length and width of the foundation. To prepare the mixture is required to mix the sand, gravel and cement in a ratio of 3: 5: 1, respectively. The solution was then diluted with water.
It is best to use for pouring concrete, prepared at the factory. The fact that in one go you will likely not be able to pour the prepared mixture of his own. Because of this, there are so-called "cold joints". Through these defects will penetrate the moisture, which is detrimental to the foundation. When pouring the base will use a special machine, you should check whether there is a shuttering corners available to fill. It is also important that the solution does not begin to solidify. If this happened, the concrete mix can be diluted with a little water.
strip foundation pouring process itself is as follows. To obtain a qualitative foundation, the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bpoured in multiple layers, the thickness of each of which is about 25-30 cm. In this case, before the next layer of fill has already flooded need compacted. Thus, you prevent the formation of voids inside the foundation. In addition, to avoid voids wall formwork is recommended to periodically tapping. The level to which the concrete is poured, usually marked advance stretched rope.
When it is finished, the base surface is leveled with a trowel. In addition, the cast of the foundation should leave the air. For this, he pierced in several places fittings. Still need to use the mallet prostukat the outside of the formwork.
Tab strip foundation: photo
