Technology for the device of a tape monolithic foundation

The strip monolithic foundation is the design of the base of the building, which allows you to equip the basement and is suitable for most soil types. The strip foundation is designed so that all its lines coincide with the lines of future walls. The construction of this design is one of the simplest ways to build a private house.

Varieties of strip foundations

Conditionally, all the bases of the strip type are divided into two groups, which are characterized by some indicators:

1. Small -sized structures - penetrate into the soil to a depth of not more than 70 cm, therefore are considered the most economical in terms of time and building material. But this design is not applicable to all types of buildings and soils. It will reliably and tightly hold only a light structure made of wood or foam concrete, not more than 2 floors high, which stands on stable soil with a high density.
2. A buried structure is the optimal level of penetration into the soil exceeds the level of freezing of the soil by 30 cm. Suitable for any soils and buildings.

Experts recommend, when erecting the structure, it is deepened by 2-2.2 m, as this will allow you to equip a basement with wide functionality. But the cost of the foundation of the monolithic tape with such a depth of penetration into the soil is much higher than the less deepened structural solutions.

The advantages and disadvantages of the construction of a strip monolithic foundation

The strip monolithic reinforced concrete foundation has many advantages over other types of structures. Structures of this type have high strength, since this indicator depends only on the depth of the deepening. Thanks to the same factor, such a foundation is built on any type of soil. If the base is not stable and has a low density, then in calculations this factor is taken into account and the foundation depth is slightly larger.

Ribbon foundations have been serving for many years and are suitable even for the most complex architectures of buildings. At the same time, not only the function of the basis for the structure is performed, but also an additional basement is created, which is equipped as a garage, boiler room, pumping, a closet or a cellar for storing products.

But there are also disadvantages of this type of structure. First of all, it should be noted that the buried design will require a large time and materials. When equipping the foundation, it is necessary to dig trenches, as a result, a large amount of soil is formed, from which it is necessary to get rid of. The construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation will last several days and even weeks, since it is not possible to accelerate this process using technology. With all its shortcomings, the strip structure is so convenient and durable that builders everywhere use it in the construction of residential buildings. The technology for the device of a tape monolithic foundation is examined in detail and described in subsequent sections.

Marking points of installation of the foundation

All work on the construction of the building begins with the marking of the territory. In this action, accuracy is important in at least everyone else, therefore they use the house plan to mark the necessary points for a monolithic strip foundation. The drawing of the house at the stage of erecting the foundation is already in the hands of the construction of people.

The marking is performed with pegs that are clogged into the soil, or scraps of reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 m. The material is clogged into the ground to a depth of 0.15 m, each peg is connected by the cord of the vnight. When all marking elements are in their places, the length of each side and each diagonal is measured with a long roulette. These measurements should show the same indicators for each side. If in some places the indicators do not coincide, then not all angles in the markings are straight. It is necessary to find and eliminate the inaccuracy.

If all the indicators coincided, then the corners of the future structure have the necessary degree to be considered straight. In this case, the ditches for the base of the house begin to equipment. For convenience, markings are supplemented with pegs, which determine the depth of the ditch.

Trench equipment for the foundation

The technology of the construction of the basis for the house described here does not provide for the equipment of the basement, because the solution will be filled without formwork. This method of construction can significantly reduce the costs of it. For the foundation, it is necessary to dig a ditch with a width of 50 cm and a depth of 110. The digging method is selected at your discretion. Trench equipment using special equipment is the fastest option, but more costly. In addition, with manual equipment, the ditch decreases the volume of land extracted from it, and therefore the costs of its export are reduced. The walls of manually dug trenches have a more even surface, while economically consumed a concrete solution when pouring.

When equipping the trench, a cone is made, its height of the beginning is about 30 cm from the floor of the ditch. The expansion forms the so -called “heel”, which, when pouring with a solution, will increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe sole of the base, thereby increasing the reliability of the entire structure. 10 cm of sand is poured to the bottom of the finished trench and tamp it. For better laying of the pillow, sand is watered with water, in which case there will be a natural shrinkage.

Making a reinforcing frame for the foundation

After the equipment of the trench, the following no less crucial stage begins - the reinforcement of the foundation. The device of a tape monolithic foundation, like other technologies for the construction of the basis, provide for reinforcement as a mandatory stage, without which the construction will not be quite reliable and strong. In this case, it is optimal to use the reinforcement with a diameter of 12 and 8 mm for reinforcement. The first step from the reinforcement is knitting rings for this:

1. On a stable basis, the channel is fixed.
2. On two of its ribs, grooves are cut out using a grinder.
3. The reinforcement is inserted into the prepared recesses.
4. A little larger pipe is put on the reinforcement.

The result is a design that oppressed metal on the principle of a lever and greatly facilitates all the work. With the help of this trick, the reinforcement is bent into rectangular rings of the same size. The size of each ring is calculated based on the size of the ditch, that is, the foundations of the foundation. In this case, a ditch was dug 1.1 m, into which the sand was poured with a layer of 10 cm, that is, the dimensions were reduced to 50 cm width and 1 m of depth. The optimal size of the reinforcing rings for it is a height of 70 cm and a width of 30 cm.

To optimize the process of manufacturing the rings, reinforcing rods are used, their thickness is 8 mm, the length is 2.3 m. The rods are marked, the first mark from the beginning of the rod is placed at a distance of 0.3 m, the second at a distance of 0.7 m. The second mark retains Another 30 cm and put a third mark, another 70 cm from it is the fourth. Thus, until the end of the rod there should be a distance of 30 cm. The reinforcements are inserted into the marks previously prepared on the cherry and bend it along the arranged marks.

When all the rings are ready, the process of their strapping begins. To do this, use a knitting wire, which bends with ticks or a special hook. Such a tool is sold in construction stores or made independently from an unnecessary trowel, the end of which is curved and sharpened, or from the served electrode. The wire for rods with a size of 10-14 mm is taken with a thickness of 1.2-1.4 cm. If there is a smaller wire in stock, then it is bend several times. The bending material should be supple, an flowed low -carbon steel has such qualities. If the wire bends poorly, then it is kept for about 30 minutes in the fire, and then they are allowed to cool. Such a measure will make the material more elastic. The rings are connected with each other and proceed to the manufacture of a reinforcing frame.

For the frame, take material with a diameter of 12 mm, the size of the frame is calculated based on the size of the future walls. That is, the length of the rods should be equal to the length of one side of the structure. Extra pieces are cut to adjust the size of the rods to the necessary. Short rods are tied to the desired length with a knitting wire. In this case, the overlap of one rod on another is made at least 1 m so that the structure is quite reliable. Making the frame looks like this:

1. In the previously prepared rings, rods are threaded along the length.
2. With the help of knitting wire, rods with rings are fastened.
3. The finished frame is 4 rods, which are located on 4 opposite sides of the ring. Another rod is located from the top point of the ring. An additional rod is threaded inside the frame or simply fastened on top.
4. The first ring is tied at a distance of 1 m from the beginning of the rod, all subsequent ones are mounted every 90 cm.

As a result, 4 frames are obtained, two of which along the length of the house and two in width. For foundations of a non -rectangular shape, accordingly, 1 frame is knitted for each outer side of the structure. Ready -made frames are laid in a ditch and tied with each other. For fastening, use corners that are made in this way:

1. A piece of 2 m measuring 2 m is cut from 12 mm of reinforcement.
2. Each piece bends at a right angle with the equality of sides. That is, each side of the angle is 1 m. It is convenient to use the lever system, which was described above for the manufacturing process of rings.
3. The corners are applied to the outer corners of neighboring frames and attached with wire. This procedure is carried out at the top and bottom.

Installation of a finished reinforcing frame to the place of erecting the foundation

At this stage, the frame has already been installed in ditches in its permanent place, however, the tape monolithic foundation with your own hands is made according to some rules that must be observed. These rules also relate to the laying of a reinforcing base in the ditch.

• A stone base is placed under the frame so that it does not lie directly on the pillow. The height of the gap should be at least 10 cm. Any stone fragments of a suitable size are used as a lifting material.

• The surface of the frame is necessarily checked by the construction level. If in some places the error in this indicator is allowed, then the evenness of the entire foundation will be disturbed after it is filled with a solution.
• The reinforcing skeleton is attached to the side walls of the trench. This is necessary so that when pouring the solution, it does not change its position in space. A curved reinforcing frame will reduce the quality of the finished basis for the home. For fastening, pegs are used, which are horizontally driven into the walls of the ditch and tied to reinforcement. It is enough to fill the mounts every 2 meters along the entire length of the ditch.
• The fully installed reinforcing skeleton has the following measurements: the distance to the bottom of the ditch is 10 cm, to the upper point of the ditch - 20 cm, to the walls of the ditch - 10 cm.

The size of the frame, the thickness of the rods for it, the depth of the bookmark and other parameters depend on the building of which size a monolithic strip foundation or reinforced concrete structure is built. The calculations above are true for a small weight building with one floor.

Bill concrete in the foundation

Before the filling of the solution, it will be necessary to make sure that there are holes for all the necessary communications. To do this, they are checked with the plan of the house and in the necessary places are laid pipes or any other objects suitable in shape and diameter. After pouring the solution in these places, holes for laying pipes will remain. The second method provides for punching holes for pipes already in the finished foundation. But using this method for a monolithic strip foundation, the price will be much higher. Since to break through holes in a frozen solution for a long time, expensive and not very safe in terms of the strength of the structure.

Before harvesting or ordering the solution, the required amount is calculated. It is calculated by the simplest formula that helps to calculate the volume - the indicator of the depth, length and width of the ditch under the filling is shifted. The resulting figure will be the value of the required amount of the solution in cubic meters.

When laying concrete in several stages, they act in this way:

1. The junction of the old and new layers of the solution is cut off from each other. To do this, put boards or formwork on a flooded layer of concrete.
2. When pouring the next layer, the formwork is removed, and the seam is wetted with a lot of water. This is necessary to remove the cement film and the best grasping of different layers.
3. It is important to make a seam between the layers only vertical, horizontal seams should not be in pouring the foundation of the monolithic tape. The video posted below will clearly demonstrate the entire process.