Modern life dictates new rules, and alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly popular among owners of their own homes or country cottages. However, such a device is usually distinguished by a considerable cost, and not everyone can purchase solar panels for the house. . Therefore, the question of the design of the design is becoming increasingly important.
Content
Features of the solar battery
The solar panel is a semiconductor structure, which is designed to convert solar radiation into electricity. Such systems perform the main task - uninterrupted, economical and reliable power supply at home. In particular, it is important to install a device in hard-to-reach areas of residence, as well as in cases where there are often interruptions with the supply of electricity from the main source.
An alternative arrangement is practical enough, because the solar panels for the home, at prices substantially different from the traditional power source. Making your own hands will allow the owner not only save money, but also to optimize the power consumption.
The advantages of solar installations
Among the main advantages of solar panels are the following:
- ease of installation by eliminating the need laying the cable to the supports;
- the minimum time required for system maintenance;
- electric power is generated with zero environmental harm to the environment;
- lightweight panels;
- no moving parts of the structure;
- noiselessness during operation;
- the independence of electricity supply from the distribution network;
- long lifetime device at minimal cost.
Disadvantages of solar panels
Despite the significant advantages of the solar panels, some weaknesses can be identified in their functionality:
- laborious manufacturing process;
- occupy a lot of space;
- sensitivity to dirt;
- pad does not work at night;
- efficiency depends on the natural factor, i.e. by cloudy / sunny days.
Constructive battery parameters
Installing the solar panel in a private house – deal feasible. However, in order to design, made by their own labor, to bring the maximum benefit, it is necessary to take into account some of its features. Consider the main requirements for the solar panel device:
- Due to the fragility of the product, preferably first thing in the mount frame, and only after this process to establish the structural elements.
- Panel size depends on the functional load, but it is necessary to consider that a large box will have a significant weight and require more energy conductors to fill it.
- solar battery housing must be designed with low side bumpers that their shadow does not interfere with sunlight on the elements.
- It is advisable to treat the body inside and outside water-resistant paint because construction will be under the influence of weather around the clock.
- In the case the substrate should be placed.
- At the bottom of the box body is necessary to provide small vents that allow to maintain the required temperature in the radiator and output gas generated during operation panel.
Selection of materials for panels
If you are not able to buy solar panels for home , then my own production is the optimal solution to the problem. Before entering into the formation of the device, it is worth deciding with the required materials. Consider more detailed to pay attention to when buying.
- To create heliopanels you will need high-quality photocells. Modern manufacturers offer two types of devices:
- elements made of monocrystalline silicon, which have an efficiency to 13%, but weakly effective when clouds;
- photo cells from polycrystalline silicon, whose efficiency is up to 9%, but their intensity of their work is similar to both sun and cloudy days.
For home power supply, it is advisable to use polycrystals that are easily accessible in sets.
Important! Take all the manufacturer to build the cell for the assembly, since the products of various brands can have significant differences in product performance. This may entail additional difficulties in assembly, the costs during operation and the low power of the solar battery.
- To assemble solar batteries from undergrades, you also need a set of special conductors who can connect photocells.
- The body of the future panel is preferably made from aluminum corners that have a small weight. Admissible construction from other materials, for example, from wood. But since the product will be constantly undergoing atmospheric influence, it will only reduce the service life.
- The dimensions of the housing for the panel are determined by the number of photoees.
- Plexiglas or transparent polycarbonate are suitable for external photocells. You can also use tempered glass that will not pass infrared rays.
So, after careful choice, you will need to prepare the following materials:
- photocells in the set;
- aluminum corners;
- fastening hardware;
- skotke diodes;
- high power copper electric pipes;
- transparent sheet of plexiglass or polycarbonate;
- silicone vacuum coasters;
- a set of screws for fasteners;
- soldering equipment.
You can buy all these materials at the building store or using the online store of this topic.
Solar Battery Manufacturing Guide
You can start assembling the design after all the necessary materials are selected. Consider phased the necessary actions:
- Collect together on the table a set of polycrystalline photoers. In our example, this is a set of 40 solar cells, each 6x6 inches size.
- Since the stated capacity of the manufacturer is 4 W, and the voltage is 0.5 volts, you will need 36 elements for a battery with a power of 18 W.
- Using a soldering tool with a capacity of 25 W, apply the circuit on the photocells, creating solder conductors from tin. It is more convenient to make a soldering on a flat surface of glass.
- After that, connect all the cells with each other according to the electrical scheme. Important! Regardless of the type of connection, the shunt diodes needed to be installed on the "plus" terminal must be provided. For this purpose, the Skotke diodes will be the best option, which will make the right calculation of solar panels for the home and avoid the discharge of the battery at night.
- Remove the soldered cells on a sunny place and test them of working capacity. In the case of normal functionality, you can start assembling the case.
- To assemble the frame, aluminum corners with low sidelights and hardware are required. Apply silicone sealant on the inner faces of the rail.
- Place a prepared sheet of polycarbonate or other transparent material on top of this layer, tightly pressing the glue contour for fixing.
- After the sealant is finally dried, secure the transparent surface and the frame with hardware.
- Next, it is necessary to place along the internal transparent plane of photocells with conductors, sticking to a distance of 5 mm between each cell. It is advisable to make preliminary marking.
- After that, you should fix the photochairs and seal the panel so that the solar panels on the roof of the house have a long service life. To do this, apply for each element of the mounting silicone and close the construction of the back panel.
11. When silicone completely freezes, seal the design entirely so that all panels fit tightly to each other.
Solar Panel Connection Schemes
There are two widespread solar batteries. Consider more detailed each of them.
Parallel connection
In such a scheme, it is necessary to connect the terminals of both modules according to the principle of an analogy: positive with a plus, and a minus one with a minus. From any module, take the terminal (+) and (-) and output the ends to connect to the charge kotroller or the battery. In the case when you need to combine three modules into one system, the actions will be the same: connect the similar terminals of all modules, then output the ends (+) and (-).
Serial connection
With this connection scheme, it is necessary to connect the terminal (+) from the first module with the terminal (-) from the second, and output the remaining ends to connect to the battery or controller. Regardless of the number of modules, the principle will be saved the same one.
Conclusion
Getting free electricity is the desire of each homeowner, which is easy to make real. With this device and energy converter, you can create an additional source of power supply. It is important that the solar panel is environmentally friendly, reliable and inexpensive in maintaining the solution.
Summing up the above-mentioned panel manufacturing with their own hands, you can select several basic recommendations:
- A conductor connecting solar cells into a single system must be made precisely in the size of the elements. At the same time, consider the dimensions of each fragment, the distance between the plates and the length of the conductor itself on the reverse side of the surface. This is necessary in order to quickly and gently connect all the elements and avoid cutting the solder conductor, as it can be easily breaking the cell.
- Apply a small amount of tin into place of soldering, because it is bad and provokes a strong press of a solder pencil on the plate. There is a risk of damage.
- It is desirable to prepare a battery case first, after which insert solar cells with conductors. So you can avoid damage when moving the elements.
Instructions on how to make a sunny panel personally can be seen in a fragment:
