In the modern world, you can not do without high quality water. To consume such water, you can go in two ways: buy cylinders with purified water each time or install the filtration system in your apartment.
Content
Water purification systems are different. Special popularity gained membrane filters for water purification. They allow the purification of water quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the filters cope with the tasks of any complexity and purify the water of varying degrees of contamination.
The main element that is located inside the filter is a special membrane. The filter works for this principle: it passes water through the membrane (it consists of several layers of material remotely resembling the fabric), which holds all impurities unnecessary to the human body in water.
Cleaning methods
Filters for water membrane type are presented on sale, which purify water by such methods:
- microfiltration;
- nanofiltration;
- dialysis;
- reverse isle.
Depending on what kind of cleaning method you choose, the corresponding membrane (filter) is installed. To select the type of membrane, you need to decide on its characteristics.
Membrane characteristics
Depending on the desired result, the filters have such characteristics:
- Ability to detain or divide. "Selective" type of membrane filter. To obtain high quality water, it is necessary that the selectivity has the highest value. It has a different magnitude for each substance. Determine the selectivity on a special table or catalog. It has an accurate designation and is extremely rarely limited to top and bottom. In addition, there are methods that allow you to calculate the value of each component separately.
- Filter performance by specific weight. This characteristic is calculated solely on the table (or directory), but only in purified water. To find out the real value, it is necessary to conduct an experiment. But, as practice shows, it can be based on the initial parameter to find out the working interval. In most cases, it does not exceed the filter indicators having a filler, even if pyrolyoxes are used for checking material.
- Filter strength by mechanical indicators. The characteristic is used for membranes during mechanical exposure, as well as vibration (when the pump is turned on), there is a stream friction force or turbulent deformation). In addition, the durability of the membrane plays an essential role when installing the system. This indicator is taken into account when you need to select the method of installing the system.
- Chemical resistance. This characteristic should be defined when choosing a system, it is responsible for the stability of the filtering layer to the effects of the aggressive medium and provides a reliable barrier for acid, alkali and detergents.
- Filter stability by biological indicators. Protects the membrane from microorganisms, which often accumulate on the surface.
- Resistance to high temperatures.
- Filter operation resource. This indicator depends on the operation of the filter, its regenerating modes, conditions during the period of downtime. Membrane filters are significantly superior to other cleansing settings that have bootable cleansing materials.
- Compliance with sanitary standards. This indicator is important in the food and medical industry.
- Inspection period of storage of the membrane, if not used. This applies to the storage period of membranes that are not exploited. Even at rest, bacteria and microorganisms can accumulate on them, each layer of the membrane can dry, deform and stick together. Therefore, the filter layers are recommended to be stored in a hermetic packaging, or to dry (if this item is registered in the instruction).
- Price. This characteristic reflects the cost of the membrane in relation to the total cost of the entire installation. Buy a membrane water filter for a high price will be more difficult, even if the membrane has a ceramic spraying and will last much longer.
- Disposal. There are several disposal methods, each describes in detail in the filtering installation instructions.
Methods of laying
The membrane filter for water depending on the type of cleansing installation has different laying methods. These types are distinguished:
- Flat-chamber filter element: "Press filter".
- Tubular filter elements.
- Spiral or rolled water purification elements.
- Membranes located in the form of fibers and having cavities inside.
Each membrane filters have different distribution coefficients of water flow and pressure.
If the method of water microfiltration is used, then it is better to choose the installation equipped with a press filter system. It having flat-chamber filter elements or pumps with dispensers. Such devices have two membranes (flat), in which the distance is filled with drainage materials. Such systems are installed in places where the need for high quality water is low due to their small performance.
Also, when water purified by the Ultrafiltration method, installed devices equipped with tubular filtering elements that additionally contribute to water softening. Inside the cleaning installations, porous tubes are installed (with a diameter of five to twenty millimeters), with a thin layer of membrane material.
Systems that are equipped with the "Reverse Ostress" method are installed at large enterprises. The cleaning system is a roll type having a flat frame and a slab represented in the form of a helix.
In addition, by numerous reviews, the membrane water filters installed in the devices "fiber-type" are highly popular.
Answers to frequently asked questions
You have a large selection of different water purification systems. What to choose? How will it work and what water will you drink? In order not to doubt whether the membrane water purification is needed, we answer frequently asked questions:
- Filter composition. It consists of several layers of semi-permeable material. The layers have a solid connection. Water enters through a membrane that cleans water.
- The membrane is able to remove bacteria? Yes, of course, because the size of the membrane hole has a smaller diameter than the size of bacteria and viruses.
- Purified water has a certain taste? In fact, no significant changes will occur. Water will have such a taste as it was before cleaning, but at the same time differ slightly, depending on how much membranes are installed in the system. For example, if the installation is capable of clearing up to 95 percent of water from impurities, then water will have the same taste as distilled or spring, which have a low percentage of minerals.
- Does the purified water affect the food taste? On the contrary, membrane filters are delayed elements, "masking" the real taste of water. This applies to cooking, especially beverages. If clean water is used, then it is possible to put half instead of a spoonful of coffee, and the taste and aroma of the drink will be bright. On the water that passed the cleaning path through the membrane filter is prepared cocktails and juices.
- After cleaning out of water, useful substances go? Most minerals that are necessary for the human body, he gets along with food. Therefore, if only one percent of minerals does not come with water - nothing terrible will happen. Also keep in mind that water from the crane is not mineralized, because it comes from rivers and reservoirs, in which much more pollution than useful minerals.
- Where can I install the cleansing installation? As a rule, water purification systems are installed in the kitchen under the sink. It is output a crane for clean water. The setting includes a set for mounting.
- System maintenance requires certain skills and knowledge? You can perform the replacement of filters yourself. About once every six months, the membrane needs to be replaced with new ones.
- When should the membrane replacement? If you have noticed that the installation began to produce less water or her taste began to change, then it's time to replace the filter. As a rule, with normal operation and timely replacement of filters, the membrane can be replaced after two or three years.
Factors affecting water quality
Depending on certain points, the quality and amount of water may vary:
- Pressure. If the pressure is large, then the quality, as well as the amount of water will be higher.
- Temperature. So that the water is cleared, it is necessary that its temperature be at least 24 degrees. If it is significantly reduced (for example, up to five degrees), it can significantly reduce its performance.
- Dirty water can affect the installation of the installation. If the water is severely contaminated, and the pressure in the system is normal - you can count on good water quality.
- Membranes. They can have a different quality: some have high performance, others are a high degree of cleaning.
On this video, you can see the principle of water purification using membrane filters:
