In the modern world, high -quality water can not do without water. To use such water, you can go in two ways: buy cylinders with purified water each time or install a filtering system in your apartment.

Water purification systems are different. Particular popularity was gained by membrane filters for water purification. They allow you to clean water quickly and efficiently. Moreover, filters cope with the tasks of any complexity and purify water of varying degrees of contamination.

The main element that is inside the filter is a special membrane. The filter works according to this principle: it passes water through the membrane (it consists of several layers of material remotely reminiscent of the fabric), which holds all impurities that are in the water that are unnecessary for the human body.

Cleaning methods

On sale are presented filters for a membrane water that purify water with the following methods:

  • microfiltration;
  • nanofiltration;
  • dialysis;
  • reverse Ostmos.

Depending on which cleaning method you choose, the corresponding membrane (filter) is installed. To choose the type of membrane, you need to decide on its characteristics.

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Characteristics of membranes

Depending on the desired result, the filters have the following characteristics:

  1. The ability to detain or divide. "Selective" type of membrane filter. To get high quality water, it is necessary that selectivity has the highest size. It has a different value for each substance. The selectivity is determined by a special table or catalog. It has an accurate designation and is extremely rarely limited from above and below. In addition, there are methods that allow you to calculate the value of each component separately.
  2. Specific weight filter performance. This characteristic is calculated exclusively according to the table (or catalog), but only in purified water. To find out the real value, it is necessary to conduct an experiment. But, as practice shows, you can find out the working interval based on the initial parameter. In most cases, it does not exceed the filter indicators having a filler, even if pyrololls is used with loading material for checking.
  3. The strength of the filter in mechanical indicators. The characteristic is used for membranes for mechanical exposure, as well as vibration (when the pump is turned on), there is a flow of flow friction or turbulent deformation). In addition, the strength of the membrane plays a significant role in the installation of the system. This indicator is taken into account when it is necessary to choose the system of installing the system.
  4. Chemical resistance. This characteristic must be observed when choosing a system, it is responsible for the stability of the filter layer to the influence of an aggressive environment and provides a reliable barrier for acid, alkali and detergents.
  5. The stability of the filter in biological indicators. Protects the membrane from microorganisms, which often accumulate on the surface.
  6. Resistance to high temperatures.
  7. The resource of the filter. This indicator depends on the operation of the filter, its regenerating modes, conditions during downtime. Membrane filters significantly exceed other cleaning installations with loading cleaning materials.
  8. Compliance with sanitary norms. This indicator is important in the food and medical industry.
  9. The perpetual period of storage of the membrane if it is not used. This applies to the shelf life of membranes, which are not operated. Even at rest, bacteria and microorganisms can accumulate on them, each layer of the membrane can dry, deform and stick together. Therefore, the filter layers are recommended to be stored in airtight packaging, or dried (if this item is registered in the instructions).
  10. Price. This characteristic reflects the cost of the membrane in relation to the total cost of the entire installation. Buying a membrane filter for water for a high price will be more difficult, even if the membrane has ceramic spraying and will last much longer.
  11. Disposal. There are several methods of disposal, each is described in detail in the instructions for the operation of the filter installation.

Methods of laying

A membrane water filter, depending on the type of cleaning installation, has different styling methods. Types are distinguished:

  1. Flatcammer filter element: "Press Filter."
  2. Tubular filter elements.
  3. Spiral or roll elements of water purification.
  4. Members located in the form of fibers and having cavities inside.

Each membrane filters have different coefficients of distribution of water and pressure flow.

If the method of water microfiltration is used, then it is better to choose an installation equipped with a press filter system. It has flat -chamber filter elements or pumps with dispensers. Such devices have two membranes (flat), in which the distance is filled with drainage materials. Such systems are installed in places where the need for high-quality water is low, due to their low performance.

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Also, when water purification by “ultrafiltration”, devices equipped with tubular filter elements are installed, which additionally contribute to softening of water. Inside the cleaning installations, porous tubes are installed (with a diameter of five to twenty millimeters), with a thin layer of membrane material.

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Systems that are equipped with the “reverse Ostmos” method are installed in large enterprises. The cleaning system is a roll type that has a flat frame and a plate presented in the form of a spiral.

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In addition, according to numerous reviews, membrane water filters installed in the “fiber type” devices are highly popular.

Answers to frequently asked questions

Here is a large selection of different water purification systems. Which one to choose? How will it work and what water will you drink? So that there is no doubt whether membrane water purification is necessary, we answer the frequently asked questions:

  1. The composition of the filter. It consists of several layers of semi -permanent material. The layers have a strong connection. Water flows through the membrane that cleanses the water.
  2. Can bacteria be removed? Yes, of course, because the size of the opening of the membrane has a smaller diameter than the size of bacteria and viruses.
  3. Does purified water have a certain taste? In fact, there will be no significant changes. The water will have the taste as it was before cleaning, but at the same time differs slightly, depending on how many membranes are installed in the system. For example, if the installation is able to clean up to 95 percent of water from impurities, then the water will have the same taste as distilled or spring, which have a low percentage of minerals.
  4. Does purified water affect the taste of food? On the contrary, membrane filters delay the elements that “mask” the real taste of water. This also applies to cooking, especially drinks. If pure water is used, then instead of one spoon of coffee you can put half, and the taste and aroma of the drink will be bright. On the water, which has gone cleaning the membrane filter, cocktails and juices are prepared.
  5. Do beneficial substances leave after cleaning from the water? Most of the minerals that are necessary for the human body, he receives along with food. Therefore, if only one percent of minerals does not arrive with water, nothing terrible will happen. Also, keep in mind that the water from the tap is not mineralized because it comes from rivers and reservoirs, in which there are much more pollution than useful minerals.
  6. In what place can you install the cleaning installation? As a rule, water purification systems are installed in the kitchen under the sink. The tap for pure water is displayed. The installation kit also includes a set for installation.
  7. Does the system service requires certain skills and knowledge? You can replace the filters yourself. About once every six months of the membrane you need to replace with new ones.
  8. When should the membranes be replaced? If you notice that the installation began to produce less water or its taste began to change, then it is time to replace the filter. As a rule, with normal operation and timely filter replacement, the membrane can be replaced in two to three years.

Water quality factors

Depending on certain points, the quality and amount of water may vary:

  1. Pressure. If the pressure is large, then the quality, as well as the amount of water will be higher.
  2. Temperature. In order for the water to be cleaned, it is necessary that its temperature is not lower than 24 degrees. If it will significantly decrease (for example, to five degrees), this can significantly reduce its performance.
  3. Dirty water can affect the operation of the installation. If the water is very contaminated, and the pressure in the system is normal, you can count on good water quality.
  4. Membranes. They can have different quality: some have high performance, others - a high degree of cleaning.

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In this video, you can see the principle of water purification using membrane filters:


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