Ventilation in the house is the system of channels of outflow and air inflow, which allows you to control its quality. Its arrangement takes quite a lot of time and is not cheap. On the one hand, the presence of modern technological devices constituting the climate control group is designed to replace standard ventilation, but on the other, only with the help of real ventkanalov is "healthy" climate.
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Why do you need ventilation in a private house?
In order to deal with this question, you should turn to chemistry. Air is a combination of gases in which oxygen used by a person for breathing is only a little more than 60%. The remaining compounds are either useless or malware. After the person breathes the air, the lungs are filtered off the part necessary to ensure life, and the rest is rejected. It exhales a man already carbon dioxide. Consequently, without fresh air in the room, the oxygen level is constantly decreasing. It causes weakness, dizziness or pain in the head.
The next important moment has a biological character. Air is an ideal habitat for many viruses and bacteria. They can for a long time in a latent form and do not exercise themselves, but if a person is inhaling the microbes, they will actively start creating poor well-being. Viruses for children are especially dangerous, since their immune system has not yet been formed. Without ventilation, after each cold, the number of microbes in the air will constantly increase. This ultimate will lead to the fact that the person will hurt constantly. Conventional winding can not solve this problem.
Akin to viruses and dust. Although dust particles are not biologically active, they affect the respiratory system well enough. Singing on the lungs, dust creates a dense cover, which makes it difficult to breathe, impairs the influx and outflow of blood into the lungs, as a result, the human activity is significantly reduced, chronic cough appears. Unlike the usual cold, it is much more complicated to treat such alert. In some cases, the harm is so great that it is impossible to get rid of the effects of regular inhalation of dust.
Lack of ventilation badly affects the house itself. First of all, this is associated with the advent of fungus and mold. One of the properties of the air is the ability to accumulate moisture. There are the same properties in the stone from which the walls of the house are built. With normal ventilation, the air takes out an extra moisture out of stone, but if there is no ventilation, the stone begins to mochable. This leads to its destruction, as well as the appearance of fungus. No less unpleasant moment - cracks on the walls and ceiling.
All these factors determine the need for ventilation, but before installing one or another system, you need to read it with its advantages and disadvantages.
Ventilation system in the house
In the global sense, ventilation systems are divided into:
- active
- passive
- cut-exhaust.
Active ventilation is an air channel system that provides an exchange of air with electric fans. Consists of a supply channel and tap channels. The air flow is carried out by naturally, through special protective filters that skip only clean air. Filters are installed directly in the wall of the house. The rejected channels are equipped with fans that draw air and remove it into the street. It should be noted that the system consumes a lot of electricity and its service is quite expensive.
More economical option - passive ventilation. It works on the principle of chimney. Fresh air comes from windows or outdoor doors, and removed through the hood in the wall. It will actually work only if the length of the exhaust channel is more than 5 m. Another disadvantage is that Ventkanal is installed in each room separately. So that the system worked, the roof of the house needs to make a look at the hedgehog.
Attempts to combine efficiency and practicality led to the emergence of supply-exhaust systems. They consist of:
- dispenser block,
- flow Channels with filters,
- channels outflow,
- fan.
The dispenser unit is a mechanism in which fans are installed. The unit is divided into two parts, one is used for the influx and distribution of fresh air, the other for outflow.
In contrast to the active system, the channel input with the filter is only one. The operation of the fan provides the necessary air flow, which is further distributed evenly on all rooms. The output channel, in contrast to the passive system, is also only one, since the exhaust air is injected and excreted into the street with a fan.
The only drawback is a very branched system of Ventkanalov, which is desirable to hide inside the walls. If the work is performed after the end of the construction of the house, you will need a major overhaul. However, the supply and exhaust ventilation is the most efficient and economical.
Ventilation device in the house
Unlike apartments, private houses are distinguished by planning, area and number of floors. These factors affect the ventilation system device and in each individual case involve the calculation of the necessary capacities. The calculation of the ventilation of the house is calculated based on the following parameters:
- air exchange
- room area,
- sanitary and hygienic standards,
- multiplicity.
Air exchange involves a certain amount of air, which should be included in the room to provide an environment corresponding to generally accepted standards. In order to familiarize himself with this concept in more detail, the construction GOSTS associated with ventilation of residential and non-residential premises should be studied.
In accordance with building standards, the rate of fresh air supply is 3 cu. meters per hour per 1 square. m. However, this value is relative, since in the same area, the volume of rooms with different ceiling height will be different. When calculating the ventilation parameter is used as the minimum acceptable.
Sanitary rules relating types of filters and air humidity. They are all clearly defined in accordance with GOST. In addition, the set standard of 60 cubic meters. m of fresh air per hour per person, which is constantly in indoor and 20 cu. m. to temporarily stay. It should be considered a permanent presence in the room for more than four hours.
DBN V.2.2-15-2005 "Residential buildings" results table multiplicities. This convention values \u200b\u200bthat showcase the necessary parameters of air. Using them as conditioned ventilation parameters are calculated.
Proper ventilation in a private home - it's quite a complex mathematical process. These parameters are only starting points. For accurate calculations require special skills and knowledge. Unfortunately, not all companies that provide settlement services to ventilation, competent in this matter. Therefore, you should know the general formula by which the proposed option compared with the standard. The standard formula is because it takes into account only the ideal value without considering the peculiarities of the region, plan, wall material and the number of storeys. Consider it as much as possible in detail.
The first postulate quality, reliable ventilation - Inlet air volume must be equal to the volume of air output. The quantity is denoted Latin letter L. Hence, in general, the formula is as follows: L nS\u003d L you are t.
L. nS- a set of standards, is calculated as follows: (+ Sh3 nh60 + V / 2) / 3. Under S should be understood area of \u200b\u200bthe room, under the n - the number of people who reside in the home, under the V - volume of the room.
How it works in practice: suppose you have a room of 20 square meters. m. and a ceiling height of 3 meters, while in the home lives of 4 people. In this case (20X3 + 4H60 + 60/2) / 3 \u003d 110 cc. m / h.
What does it mean? Specifically for this room air supply must be calculated value, wherein said parameter is the minimum acceptable. humidity Factors rise, the atmosphere gas concentration will only increase the calculated value, but less than it can not be. In addition, the results will determine the required power of the fan.
It should be noted that the arrangement of the ventilation should be dealt with by professionals, since no special training is impossible to precisely determine the throughput capacity of the ventilation system. The formula is valid only to check the professionalism of the selected firm. In addition, any large company provides all calculations and estimates of works free of charge.
