Ventilation in the house is a system of outflow channels and an air flow that allows you to control its quality. Its arrangement takes a lot of time and is not cheap. On the one hand, the presence of modern technological devices that make up the climate control group is designed to replace standard ventilation, but on the other, only with the help of real ventilations are the climate “healthy”.
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Why do you need ventilation in a private house?
In order to deal with this issue, you should turn to chemistry. Air is a set of gases in which oxygen used by a person for breathing is only a little more than 60%. The remaining compounds are either useless or generally harmful. After a person inhales the air, the lungs filter the part necessary for ensuring life, and the rest is rejected. A man is already exhausted by carbon dioxide. Therefore, without fresh air in the room, the oxygen level is constantly reduced. This causes weakness, dizziness or pain in the head.
The next important point is biological. Air is an ideal habitat for many viruses and bacteria. They can be latent for a long time and not show themselves in any way, but if a person breathes microbes, they will actively begin to cause poor well -being. Viruses for children are especially dangerous, since their immune system has not yet been formed. Without ventilation, after each cold, the number of microbes in the air will constantly increase. This will ultimately lead to the fact that a person will hurt constantly. Conventional ventilation of windows cannot solve this problem.
Akin to viruses and dust. Although dust particles are not biologically active, they have a poor effect on the respiratory system. Settling on the lungs, dust particles create a dense cover that makes it difficult to breathe, worsens the flow and outflow of blood in the lungs, as a result, a person’s activity is significantly reduced, a chronic cough appears. Unlike ordinary colds, treating such a disease is much more difficult. In some cases, the harm is so great that it will completely get rid of the consequences of regular inhalation of dust.
The lack of ventilation does not affect the house itself well. This is primarily due to the appearance of fungus and mold. One of the properties of air is the ability to accumulate moisture. The same properties are in the stone from which the walls of the house are built. With normal ventilation, the air takes excess moisture from the stone, but if the ventilation is absent, the stone begins to wet. This leads to its destruction, as well as the appearance of the fungus. No less unpleasant moment - cracks on the walls and ceiling.
All these factors determine the need for ventilation, but before installing a particular system, you need to get acquainted with its advantages and disadvantages.
Ventilation system in the house
In a global sense, ventilation systems are divided into:
- active,
- passive,
- products-exhaust.
Active ventilation is a system of air ducts that provides air exchange using electric fans. It consists of a supply channel and withdrawal channels. The influx of air is carried out naturally, through special protective filters, which pass only clean air. Filters are installed right in the wall of the house. The withdrawal channels are equipped with fans that draw air and take it into the street. It should be noted that the system consumes quite a lot of electricity and its maintenance is quite expensive.
A more economical option is passive ventilation. She works on the principle of chimney. Fresh air enters from the windows or open doors, and is diverted through the hood in the wall. It will really work only if the length of the hood canal is more than 5 m. Another drawback is that the ventilation is installed in each room separately. Thus, in order for the system to work, the roof of the house must be made similar to a hedgehog.
Attempts to combine efficiency and practicality led to the emergence of supply and exhaust systems. They consist of:
- distributor block,
- film tributar channels,
- outflow channels,
- fans.
Block Distributor is a mechanism in which fans are installed. The block is divided into two parts, one is used for the influx and distribution of fresh air, the other for outflow.
Unlike the active system, there is only one input channel with a filter. The fan operation provides the necessary flow of air, which is further evenly distributed throughout all rooms. The output channel, unlike the passive system, is also only one, since the exhaust air is pumped out and removed into the street with a fan.
The only drawback is a very branched system of ventilations that it is desirable to hide into the walls. If the work is carried out after the construction of the house, then overhaul will be needed. However, supply and exhaust ventilation is the most effective and economical.
Deviling device in the house
Unlike apartments, private houses are distinguished by layout, area and number of floors. These factors affect the device of the ventilation system and in each individual case involve the calculation of the necessary capacities. The calculation of ventilation of the house is calculated on the basis of the following parameters:
- air exchange,
- the area of \u200b\u200bthe room,
- sanitary and hygienic norms,
- multiplicity.
Air exchange involves a certain volume of air, which should fall into the room to ensure a medium that meets generally accepted standards. In order to get acquainted with this concept in more detail, it is necessary to study the construction GOSTs associated with the ventilation of residential and non -residential premises.
In accordance with construction standards, the rate of fresh air supply is 3 cubic meters. m per hour per 1 sq. m. Nevertheless, this value is conditional, since with the same area, the volume of rooms with different heights of the ceiling will differ. When calculating ventilation, this parameter is used as minimally permissible.
Sanitary and hygienic norms relate to the types of filters and humidity. All of them are clearly registered according to GOST. In addition, the standard 60 cubic meters is set. m fresh air per hour per person who is constantly in the room and 20 cubic meters. m. for temporary stay. A constant one should be considered in the room for more than four hours.
DBN V.2.2-15-2005 “Residential buildings” leads a multiplication table. These are conditional values \u200b\u200bthat clearly demonstrate the necessary air exchange parameters. With their help, conditional ventilation parameters are also calculated.
Proper ventilation in a private house is a rather complicated mathematical process. These parameters are only starting points. For accurate calculations, special skills and knowledge are needed. Unfortunately, far from all companies providing ventilation equipment are competent in this matter. Therefore, you should know the general formula with which the proposed option with the standard is compared. The reference formula is because it takes into account only the ideal values, without taking into account the characteristics of the region, the layout, the material of the walls and the number of storeys. Consider it as in detail as possible.
The first postulate of high -quality, reliable ventilation - the volume of incoming air should be equal to the volume of the output air. It is customary to indicate the size of the Latin letter L. Therefore, in general form, the formula looks like this: l ave.\u003d L prot.
L. ave.- This is the totality of all standards, calculated as follows: (SH3+nx60+v/2)/3. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room should be understood by the area of \u200b\u200bN - the number of people who are constantly in the house, under V - the volume of the room.
How it works in practice: suppose that there is a room of 20 square meters. m. and the height of the ceiling is 3 meters, while 4 people live in the house. In this case (20x3+4x60+60/2)/3 \u003d 110 cubic meters. m/per hour.
What does it mean? Specifically, for this room, the air supply should be equal to the calculated value, while the parameter is minimum acceptable. The factors of moisture, number of storeys, and the gasket of the atmosphere will only increase the calculated value, but it cannot be less. In addition, the result will determine the required power of the fans.
It is worth noting that professionals should be engaged in the arrangement of ventilation, since without special preparation it is impossible to exactly determine the throughput capacity of the ventsistem. The formula is indicated only in order to check the professionalism of the chosen company. In addition, any major company provides all calculations and estimates of work for free.
