Spotlights due to the uniform distribution over the surface of the ceiling allow you to illuminate the entire room and furniture items that are located in it. Other lighting devices, such as chandelier or sconium, cannot cope with this task. After all, they are installed in the central part of the ceiling. Since the light will proceed from one point, the appearance of shadows is inevitable. Consider the detailed features of choosing and installing point lamps.
Content
Varieties of lamps
Point lighting elements are divided into several types. Distinguish:
- overhead;
- built-in models.
The devices belonging to the first type are fixed using special elements - clips. This allows you to install overhead point lights on vertical and horizontal brick surfaces, concrete or drywall. The decorative part of these devices is located outside than they differ from the embedded elements. Such lamps look more massively, therefore are not always suitable for use in small-scale premises. However, their main advantage is an extensive choice of design. Today you can find overhead lamps with glass beams, decorated with various patterns, as well as with crystal suspension or decor in the form of leaves and colors.
Built-in point luminaires are divided into several species. Distinguish:
- luminescent;
- lED;
- halogen devices.
Each of them is characterized by its operational properties. The main advantage of luminescent models is the energy-saving principle of work. These lamps allow you to save 80% of electricity relatively with incandescent lamps. But making the choice in favor of these lighting devices, it should be considered that the lamps with which they are equipped contain mercury pairs. The concentration of this substance is very insignificant, but when working with these lamps, caution should be exercised.
The advantages of halogen instruments should include environmental safety and a long service life. They emit a bright, as close as possible to natural lighting light. In addition, halogen models allow you to get a wide variety of colors. Describing the performance of these devices, you should also mention their definite disadvantage. Halogen luminaires are not energy-saving. Save electricity with their help will not be able to save. They can also be damaged as a result of voltage drop.
Point LED lamps for energy saving are ahead of fluorescent appliances. These models have glass or plastic diffusers. Under them are the LEDs, which provide lighting. LED devices can radiate white light (it is divided into cold and warm glow) and color (yellow, blue or red). They withstand voltage drops up to 60 V. But there are such lamps are an order of magnitude more expensive than halogen and luminescent models.
Spotlights. Photo:
Features of the selection of mounting materials
- Lamps for point luminaires must have a reflective layer at the bottom of the base. In the acquisition process, check its presence.
- The lamp power should not exceed 40 W. In the reverse case, the ceiling design will heat up, which will damage it or to ignition.
- When choosing a cable, you should navigate the material from which the ceiling is made. Gypsum plasterboard is resistant to fire, so you can stay on a two-core or three-core wire.
- Plastic and MDF do not differ in such a property. To work with these materials, RKGM wires are selected that meet the requirements of fire safety. This is a copper non-flammable cable. It consists of two layers:
- external is made of lacquered fiberglass material;
- inner - from very durable silicone rubber. Such a wire is able to withstand the temperature loads in the range from -60 ° C to + 180 ° C. It is used for premises with high levels of humidity and sharp drops of temperatures, such as saunas and baths. Therefore, in the fire safety of this cable, you can not doubt.
- The connecting elements use terminal blocks that can be purchased in a household store.
In the future, you need to check the connection twice during the year. There is a possibility of excessive heating of the contact zone of wires and terminal shots. You can avoid this situation with the help of copper lenses that have gained a reputation for longer and reliable fasteners. The connection area is isolated using a special tape or a heat shrink tube.
How to arrange spotlights on the ceiling
For installation, materials will be required:
- point type lamps;
- power wire;
- switch;
- lamps;
- insulating tape;
- the sleeves or terminals connected to the wires.
The assembly process consists of several stages, the first of which is planning. Before starting the installation, it is necessary to determine the placement of lamps on the surface of the ceiling. This requirement is especially important for multi-level structures.
All levels are isolated as separate lighting contours. Luminaires should be located apart from each other at a distance of 1 m, and from the wall - 60 cm. They must be placed in such a way as not to affect the frame elements. Between the hole for point devices and the nearest frame part you need to save a 30 mm space. Otherwise, the design profiles will prevent the fixing fixtures.
During the distribution process, it is necessary to take into account other lighting devices installed on the ceiling. As well as decorative elements. If all the devices are planned to use at the same time point lamps can be positioned on the parties.
Wiring of point luminaires
In the next step, it is necessary to distribute the wires. There are two accommodation options:
- In accordance with the first, the fixture is performed during the installation of the frame. In this case, when installing the lamps, you just need to drill holes, get wired loops and connect the devices.
- If, when installing the structure, this procedure was missed, the cable is fed to the first hole, and the remaining wires are made from one hole to another. At the same time, it is impossible to fix them on the frame elements. Wires will be located on the surface of the ceiling.
During the pre-location of the cable, it is paved on the route of the installation of point devices. At each point, a curved loop of the wire with a size of up to 15 cm is left. Fastening to the frame is performed by means of plastic screeds. At the same time, the fasteners do not need to be fixed very tightly, the wires must be slightly saved. Since the cable has a property to change its length with thermal exposure, this approach will prevent its damage. Then you can move to the ceiling construction.
The procedure for preparing holes
The distribution of lamps over the ceiling surface after the construction of the structure is completed. In addition to the distance separating the devices from the frame elements, you need to take into account the junctions between the ceiling items. If the placement of the luminaire coincides with the seam, it is moved to the central part of the strip.
To drill holes, use a crown to work with wood. With this tool prepare and recesses for the socket boxes. The holes are obtained absolutely smooth, which contributes to the high-quality installation of lighting devices in the drywall.
When determining the diameter, navigate the lamps. The hole must be 3 mm to give up the size of the outer side of the instruments and not exceed the parameters of the inner part. In most cases, it is 60-75 mm.
How to connect point lights
Next, you can go to the connection step. For this, such actions should be done:
- From the holes you need to remove the loop of the pre-paved cable. With its absence, another approach is applied. From one hole to another two wires are paved. Work starts from that cable to which the power is connected. It should be remembered that before you start connecting, you must de-energize the wire.
- The loop of the paved cable must be screamed, but before that they are cut in the field of bending.
- To connect one lighting device you will need two wiring 10 cm long.
- The cable on each side is broken by 15 mm. One end of short wiring is placed in the terminal, after which they clamp, the other twisted with the cable that provides power.
- During the connection, the labeling should be taken into account on the lighting elements: re corresponds to grounding, n - zero, L - phase.
Method of fastening
On the sides of the point lamps for ceilings, two brackets are located through which the fixing devices are performed. These parts should be bent in the upper direction until it stops and placed it in the hole. It is important to pay attention to the wires, they should not fall under the hooks that press the lighting elements to the ceiling and firmly fix them there.
After connecting all the lamps to the junction box and the switch is connected to the main power cable. When using low-voltage LED devices, the wire is connected to a downhole power supply. On this work is over.
How to install spotlights on stretch ceiling
To work with the stretch design, you will need a mortgage ring detail. It can be purchased or manufactured by its own. This element must correspond to the form of lamps. This must be taken into account when working with triangular or square devices. For the manufacture of a mortgage part, it is necessary to prepare a dense material with a thickness of up to 6 mm, which is easy to handle and does not resolve. This requirements correspond to plastic.
Further installation work is made in such a sequence:
- With the help of a circulation on the prepared material, it is necessary to draw a ring. Its diameter by 2 mm should exceed the size of the lighting device. The distance between the external and internal radius is 25-30 mm.
- Next, with the help of an electrolybiz according to the drawn lines, the required part is cut.
- To fix the mortgage element, the Bracket P-shaped form is used. Its flexibility allows you to place the item on the same level with the ceiling film. This can be done even after installing the design. First, the bracket is attached to the ring through the screws.
- Then the whole design with a dowel is mounted in the ceiling. This is so made and installed all mortgage elements.
- Now to perform the installation of lighting devices you need to cut holes in the film. It is important not to damage the ceiling.
- Before proceeding with cutting holes, you need to stick the limiter to the film, the presence of which will help preserve its integrity. For this purpose, it is also necessary to prepare a ring. But this time the material should be used, the thickness of which does not exceed 1 mm, and the width corresponds to 10 mm.
- This ring should not go beyond the external borders of the decorative lining of the lamp. It is fixed on the film with a superclone over the hole of the mortgage element.
- After 2-3 minutes, when the adhesive composition is not performed, a fragment of the film is cut inside the ring with a sharp knife.
- Then the wires are then extracted from the obtained holes, and the lighting devices are mounted according to the same principle that is used when working with a suspended ceiling.
- When the point lights on the stretch ceiling should be guided by similar rules.
Conclusion
Point lighting devices are distinguished by small parameters and consume a slight amount of electricity relatively to other lamps. The process of their installation is quite simple. Set these instruments independently can be on the suspended and stretch ceiling. Working with tension structures has some features. On such ceilings in places of installation, it is necessary to install special inserts from heat-resistant plastic.
Installation of point lamps:
