DIY veranda

The construction of a small veranda is one of the simplest ways to expand the useful area of \u200b\u200ba small private house. In addition, such a building can act as a kind of vestibule, which will increase the energy conservation of the house, and therefore reduce the cost of its heating in the winter.

The main points

Small verandas differ in manufacturing:

1. Wooden. Such small extensions bear the function of the hallway. As a rule, they are made not heated, and they are not too suitable for operation in the winter. In summer, in such verandas you can equip a small summer kitchen.
2. Stone (from brick, cinder block). These are more capital buildings built on a powerful foundation. Usually such a veranda is made heated, placing a kitchen or other room in it.

By design:

1. Heated. Such a veranda is connected to the general heating system of the house or the autonomous source of heating is placed in it (this option is much cheaper). Warm verandas are built on a capital foundation with the thermal insulation of the floor.
2. Not heated. They are used only in the summer, and in the winter they act as a kind of buffer to maintain heat. Their construction is allowed on a column foundation without additional thermal insulation.

Preparation for the beginning of construction work

Even such a small construction site as an extension of a small veranda requires careful preparation. Conditionally, it can be divided into two stages:

1. Preparation of documents. Any introduction of changes to the project of the house, even the construction of a small room, requires amendments to the design documentation. Therefore, having chosen the approximate design of the veranda, it is necessary to make a small sketch. It will have to apply to a design organization with him, which has the right and a license to develop projects of residential buildings. They will prepare all the necessary documentation: the project and the design of a small veranda, which you need to contact the supervision authorities (architectural department), which will approve the project. This must be done in advance, since the approval of all documentation can take up to 2 months. It is better to do this winter in order to be fully armed before the start of the construction season.
2. Preparation of materials. It is necessary to stock up on the necessary amount of lumber for the roof, brick (cinder block) for walls, cement, reinforcement, wems or crushed stone, sand, etc. If there are no problems with the delivery of materials, you can not purchase everything at once, but gradually, in the process of construction. If there are certain problems with delivery, then it is better to buy everything at a time to save money. In this case, it is necessary to provide storage places, materials that are exposed to moisture and direct sunlight: cement, plaster, paints, polystyrene foam, etc.

The beginning of work. The construction of the foundation

Typically, two types of foundations are used to build verandas:

1. Column foundation. It is used for the construction of frame structures, with a slight weight. Such a foundation is easy to install and its cost is much lower.
2. The strip foundation. It is used for capital heavy buildings. This is a more reliable type of foundation, however, its construction is more laborious and price.

The construction of a columnar foundation of a small veranda:

1. Initially, a fertile layer of soil, the thickness of which is about 15 cm, can be removed on the area on which the veranda will be installed. It can be taken to a flowerbed or beds. Then, according to the approved project, marking the installation sites of foundation poles is made. To do this, use small pieces of reinforcement, which are connected by twine. As a rule, the distance between the pillars should be no more than half a meter.
2. The height of the pillars of the column foundation of the veranda should correspond to the height of the foundation of the main building. The sizes of the pillars are determined by the project and depend on the load that they will experience when erecting the premises. Also, the minimum depth of each column is established from the state of the soil on the site. The more stable the soil, the deeper the foundation should be. In some cases, the bases have a depth of 1.5 - 2 m.
3. For each of the pillars, a pit is dug, the size of which should be larger than the size of the pillar itself. A pillow of sand and crushed stone is laid on the bottom, which is carefully compacted. After that, the formwork is installed. Inside, the foundation pole is reinforced with a grate of structural reinforcement.
4. After that, concrete is poured into the pillar. The columnar foundation can be both whole and combined. The second type provides for a shortened concrete pole and brickwork on top. Thus, you can increase the height of the pillars without spending a lot of funds on concrete, formwork and reinforcement.
5. The technology for erecting a strip foundation is a little more complicated, however, in terms of reliability, such a base is much superior to the columnar structure. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to build a capital structure from a brick or cinder block. Such a foundation is poured into a level with the main structure, but without dressing. The fact is that the veranda and the house have different weight, and, accordingly, exert different pressure on the ground. So that a heavier building that has a large shrinkage does not “pull” a light veranda, between their foundations, a technological gap is left, about 40 mm.
6. To arrange a strip foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench with the depth indicated in the project. The width of the trench should be larger for the normal installation of formwork. Next, a pillow of sand and crushed stone is sprinkled to the bottom of the trench. It is thoroughly compacted. The formwork is installed on the bottom of the ditch, which is knocked out of the boards.
7. There are two options for pouring the strip foundation: monolithic reinforced and budbial. In the first, reinforcement is used to strengthen, in the second - large missile stones. The last method is a little cheaper.
8. The concrete is poured to the bottom of the trench, then stones are laid in a layer of 100mm. Further, the process is repeated. The last layer is filled with concrete without stones. After pouring, concrete is left to cool for several days. If the weather is hot, then the concrete must be wetted with water so that it does not crack.
9. Before starting the construction of the walls, waterproofing is laid on the surface of the foundation, usually from roofing material.

Bill and roof construction

For the construction of small verandas, wooden structures are usually used.

Its construction begins with the installation of draft floors. The procedure for conducting these works is as follows:

1. First of all, the space between the foundation (with a strip of its structure) is filled with expanded clay or other bulk material (sometimes clay is used).
2. Then, lags, pre -treated with anti -corrosion impregnation, are laid on the foundation. The support of the lag is the foundation and pillows itself. They are made from a large section. Waterproofing is laid under the pillows.
3. After laying the lag on them, a coating of a floorboard with a thickness of at least 50 mm is filled on them.
4. After the installation of the draft floor, you can start installing the walls of the walls.
5. Bars of the lower binder are laid on the surface of the draft floor. They are connected using a direct lock. It is important that the castle lay on the foundation, first of all, this applies to columnar foundations. The locks of bars of the strapping are necessarily fixed to the foundation using anchor bolts. Along the entire perimeter of the strapping beams, recesses are made to install vertical racks. They are fixed with nails and brackets. At the upper end of the racks, the bars of the upper strapping are fixed, and a spark beam is installed to the wall of the building under the roof slope. It is to it that the rafters of a single -sided roof will be attached.
6. The last step is to install the rafter system.
7. After installation, a wooden frame must be treated with an antiseptic.
8. The installation of the roof is fundamentally no different from such work in other buildings.
9. If windows are installed on the veranda, then at a certain height from the lower beam the window beam is installed, which will form the window opening in a compartment with side racks.
10. In the same way, the frame of the doorway is enhanced. The location of the door of the veranda should not be located opposite the front door to the house, in which case the risk of drafts increases. It is better to place it in the end of the extension, then the cold air will not find the path into the living room.
11. The last step in the construction of a small veranda made of wood will be the lining of the inner and outer surface of the walls. For lining the internal walls, plywood, drywall, laminated chipboard are used. For exterior wall decoration, as a rule, use a wooden board, corrugated board or plastic panels. Be sure to provide the inside of the wall with heat -insulating material. For these purposes, mats from mineral wool are best suited. They have excellent thermal conductivity, are not afraid of moisture.
12. After wall decoration, windows and doors are installed, the gaps between them and the body are filled with mounting foam.

Building a brick small veranda with your own hands

If this room is actively used in winter, it makes sense to build it out of brick or blocks. In this case, only a strip foundation is suitable, and it should be several times more powerful than the foundation for a wooden veranda. That is why the cost of a small veranda made of brick is greater than frame.

Typically, masonry is carried out in one brick, with mandatory dressing. The interior decoration can be performed both by plaster and other finishing materials.

Little veranda: photo

Little veranda: video