Masonry of window openings

Windows are an obligatory attribute of each building of both commercial and domestic purposes. The construction of these structures should be treated with special scrupulousness. The window opening of brick should be made in accordance with certain requirements. This will help maintain the performance of the building, such as noise insulation and thermal conductivity. In this article, we will consider all the subtleties of laying the openings.

Features and purpose of structures

The state of window openings directly affects the illumination of the room, because Poor masonry will cause a lack of light. To correctly cut the window opening, you need to have an idea of \u200b\u200bits standard characteristics.

In the traditional version, the opening has a rectangular shape. Strengthening the structure is ensured by the jumper located in the upper part. This is a supporting element, the task of which is to transfer the load from the adjacent parts of the ceiling to the supports.

The right jumper should have the same heat -insulating ability as the wall. In order for this element to evenly take the load, its installation must be carried out taking into account the width of the opening, the type of masonry, wall width, the distance between the adjacent walls and the opening, the distance between the opening and the upper overlap.

For a more durable fixing of the structure, the space between the frame and the wall should be filled with mounting foam. This material also provides additional thermal insulation. But the foam has a certain drawback - it does not have resistance to ultraviolet rays. To prevent the destruction of the material for two weeks after the completion of the work, the foam needs to be treated with finishing material.

Window openings. Photo:

Features of the technological stage

Installation of window openings in a brick wall should be performed taking into account certain rules. The main aspects should include the following:

1. The slopes (elements connecting the frame to the wall) should be covered with a layer of plaster or sheathed with plastic panels, siding or drywall material.
2. Inside the room, it will be enough to process the slopes with a plaster composition, and they should be insulated outside. This can be done using polystyrene, which is placed between the exterior decoration and the wall.
3. The angle of design of the openings can be both straight and slightly turned outward. This technique allows you to make the room lighter.
4. Another important point is the installation on the outer side of the inclined window sill, which will assign precipitation. The parameters of the opening must coincide with the size of the double -glazed window. In the opposite case, it will be impossible to install the windows, and additional measures will be required.
5. The laying of window openings can be carried out both at the stage of construction of the building and in the already erected walls. These processes have certain differences in the technology of execution.
6. Installation work require a neat approach and accuracy, since even minor miscalculations can negatively affect the result. The opening should be a few centimeters in size exceeding the window block. In case of non -compliance with the parameters, the situation will have to be corrected using seals.
7. Along with practical functions, the openings also perform a decorative task, so masonry should also meet aesthetic requirements. In the process, you need to carefully monitor the horizontal arrangement of the base for the future windowsill and the verticality of the planes of the opening on the sides. The plumb line and level will help to cope with this task. The plumb line can be made independently by applying a cord and load for this.

Brick window laying

The window opening in most cases is made after two clutches of five rows. Under the window sill, the pumpkin row is laid. The location of the opening, thus, corresponds to the 14th row of masonry. The first row should be laid so that the edges of the opening correspond to the vertical seam of the wall.
For the construction of a window opening with your own hands, you will need to prepare such a toolkit:

• bulgarian and disk for stone processing;
• level;
• hammer;
• kelm;
• embroidery;
• plumb line;
• cord;
• rule;
• square;
• roulette.

The masonry workflow is performed in the following sequence of actions:

1. First, wall laying on both sides of the opening should be brought to the required height.
2. Then, to connect the opposite parts of the opening in the upper part, you need to install a jumper. This can be done using a metal corner or concrete element.
3. If you have chosen the method of using the corner, then you should take into account the features:

• before use, the entire surface of this element must be treated with a special anti -corrosion agent, which is applied by a conventional brush;
• when choosing a width of such a corner, you should focus on the thickness of the walls, but this indicator should not be less than 120 mm;
• to determine the required length of the element, you need to proceed from the width of the opening. It is necessary to add 200 mm to this indicator;
• in the case of proper determination of the parameters of the corner, when it is installed on each side, a stand is formed in 100 mm;
• next, the corner should be laid on the window opening. Thus, a base will be formed, the presence of which will continue to lay the wall.

4. To make a concrete element, you need to place a board on the opening, and then mount the formwork. A reinforcing strapping is placed inside, then a concrete composition is poured into the formwork. The solution should freeze, after which you can remove the formwork. The advantage of this method is its efficiency. But in this case, the work will take more time than when using the corner.
5. For subsequent styling, it is necessary to prepare a brick, from which you need to cut off the fourth part. This measure is necessary so that the brick does not protrude above the wall. This does not carry any danger to masonry, but it will look rather unattractive. For cutting, you should use a grinder with a stone disk. Also, from brick, it is necessary to cut off the lower corner, which is directed to the corner. This will facilitate styling.
6. After the bricks are prepared, they can be laid on top of the corner. Initially, this is done without the use of the solution.
7. When laying, you must observe a certain distance between the bricks. To do this, the work should be performed using a metal twig with a diameter of 10 mm, the use of which will control the width of the seam. Brick window openings made in compliance with this rule will have a more aesthetic appearance.
8. Next, you need to outline the location of the seams on the back of the corner, after which the brick can be removed.
9. At the next stage, focusing on marking, you can start laying brick using the solution. In this case, you need to ensure that the location of the bricks corresponds to the horizontal line. As a guideline, you can pull the cord.
10. After completing the installation of the seam, the seams should be treated (with a special tool). In conclusion, clean the masonry and remove the remaining solutions.

Installation of window openings in the erected wall

This method will mount the opening in an existing wall. For work, you need to prepare the following tools:

• peak;
• scrap;
• hammer;
• sledgehammer;
• grinder;
• jumping hammer;
• triangle;
• punch;
• roulette;
• level;
• wood bar;
• chisel.

The process of laying the opening is carried out in the following sequence of actions:

1. First of all, you need to mark the markings. This procedure involves the designation of the location of all jumpers and holes. This type of work is performed using a triangle. The jumper should be located so that its upper edge is in the lower row of brickwork.
2. After applying these marks to each edge of the jumper, 15 cm should be added. This distance will be required to place the supports by which the jumper will be fixed. To make a jumper, you will need beams made of reinforced concrete or steel profile elements.
3. Next, the support is installed. At the same time, a distance of 70-80 cm must be observed between it and the wall.
4. After the support element is installed, a wood beam is laid on it, which will distribute the load.
5. On the outside of the wall, it is necessary to make marks in accordance with which beams will be placed.
6. In order to transfer these marks to the inner surface of the wall, you need to drill holes. Studs are inserted into the obtained holes, which on both sides should be supported by supports.
7. Now the support needs to be fixed. This can be done using nails that are clogged into studs and support boards.
8. At the next stage, using a chisel and a hammer, you need to remove a layer of plaster from the wall along the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future opening. 3 cm is additionally added from all sides.
9. After removing the plaster, you can proceed to disassemble the bricks. The work should begin at the location of the jumper. Then you need to insert the beam.
10. All the bricks that act should be adjusted.
11. After the jumper is installed, with the help of a grinder, a cut is made. This action will allow you to align the edges of the opening and facilitate subsequent processing.
12. On this, the window opening in the brick wall is ready, you can install windows and perform the finish.

The method of expanding the opening

Often, during the operation of the construction, there is a need to increase the size of window openings. This procedure is quite simple in implementation, however, work should begin with ensuring the support for the main jumper. Then the actions take place in the following sequence:

1. With the help of a cement mixture, new heels are laid out.
2. After hardening the composition, you can proceed to the expansion.
3. If the wall under the jumper does not have sufficient bearing capacity, the jumper should additionally support. A brick under the fifth is laid on the cement composition of high strength.
4. If necessary, create one opening from two windows, it is necessary to eliminate the beds between them. To do this, remove the previous boxes.
5. It is also necessary to support the jumpers in the openings.
6. Next, a new jumper is created using a steel beam that is placed on both sides.
7. A layout connecting two windows should be supported. The support must be placed so that it corresponds to the level of the ceiling.
8. To install the support blocks from the outside of the wall, holes are made. The distance between the wall above the beams and shelves on these beams must be broken. These actions are also carried out on the inside.
9. Then the hangout is disassembled, supports and racks are removed.
10. On this, the main part of the work is completed. Now, using the plaster composition, you need to restore the damaged finish and install a new frame.

Extended openings need to be finished after installing window blocks. This stage involves sealing the seams, additional isolation, strengthening a new window, as well as decorative design. All work should be performed on the outer and inside of the building.

How to lay an opening

In some cases, there is a need to lay a window opening. Such a need may be due to an uncomfortable location, as a result of which it is not possible to optimally use the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room or arrange a room in a certain style. In the process of laying, it is necessary to take into account such moments as: heat and sound insulation, internal and external decoration. The most optimal option would be to use the material from which the wall is erected for this purpose.

For laying, you will need the following materials:

• cement-sand composition;
• bricks;
• container for the solution;
• trowel.

After laying each brick, it is necessary to check the surface of the wall using a level. Then you need to adjust the places of chips. The laying place should be firmly connected to the wall. To do this, use reinforcing materials during operation. Thermal insulation of the room can be provided using plate or roll insulation, as well as the heat -insulating plaster composition.

Conclusion

The quality of the subsequent installation of window blocks depends on the masonry of the opening. Therefore, when working, you need to adhere to certain rules and standards. The technological process includes several stages and requires compliance with high accuracy, since a slight deviation from the norm will cause difficulties in the subsequent installation of windows. Also, the appearance of the openings significantly affects the aesthetic design of the entire building. Therefore, when performing the masonry, maximum accuracy should be shown.

Features of the installation of window openings in a wooden house are shown in the video: