When creating a durable foundation, it is necessary to keep in mind that the quality of this design depends on the set of aspects, which at first glance may be non-obvious. Moreover, this applies to all concrete structures that are created under buildings and massive supports. If we do not take into account at least one factor, the entire volume of work can go to the Nammark.
Content
In this material we will talk about one of these factors - about choosing rubble. Despite the fact that the process of creating a foundation may be elementary, but even from the choice of crushed stone may depend on the durability and total strength of the structure. Crushed stone has a lot of characteristics to which the builders are primarily paying attention to. Thus, if you wondered themselves to create a foundation, you should not use the first crushed stone, as the consequences may be too serious.
In the article, we also mention the main problem details that often occur when using the unsuitable rubble, as well as ways out of the unfavorable situation. It is worth noting that based on the information presented in this article, it is possible to save a lot.
The main features of the choice of rubble for the foundation
First you need to assimilate that you need to choose a crushed stone under the foundation only in cases where the structure that is being built is indeed a responsible project. It may be a residential building, a warehouse or some kind of support. In the event that we build a small barn or gazebo, you can use that crushed stone without any problems, which is available or the cheapest on the market.
It should also be borne in mind that many owners, for example, use various types of rubble at one construction. With this situation, a considerable threat to the future structure is also created, since in certain parts of the base, for example, strains may occur at risk.
We will talk more about threats further in this material.
Classification of rubble by origin
First you need to decide on the classification of natural material by origin. Often in construction apply the following types of rubble:
- Granite. This is the most durable crushed stone that is regularly applied in the most responsible construction. When using this product, you can be sure that due to the crushed stone, no problems will certainly happen. But at the same time it should be borne in mind that this resource is extremely rare, since the cost of granite rubble is very high. Not everyone is ready to overpay for a stone, which can be replaced by an inexpensive option. Of course, in certain situations there is an urgent need for granite material, and then you simply have to pay crazy money. If the foundation itself is small, then you can buy a granite stone, if, of course, finances are allowed.
- Gravel. This version of rubble is much used much more often than granite. It does not have such a high strength, however, for the construction of a small private house or country facility is an exception. Accordingly, the price of gravel crushed stone is quite democratic. You can use a certain amount of granite and gravel rubble to increase strength, but there is no big necessity.
- Limestone. For the construction of houses and other responsible structures, such crushed stone is extremely rare. The thing is that the strength of the limestone material is quite low, therefore it is used in construction when creating garages, arbors and the like objects. Of course, it is worth noting that, as a substitute for the above-mentioned types of crushed stone, limestone material should in no case be used. In extreme cases, it can be a small private house that will not create large loads on the base.
- Slag. This crushed stone is obtained by crushing metallurgical waste. Of course, the main advantage of this rubble is the low price. Most often, this resource is 20-30% cheaper than similar to the strength and other characteristics of a stone crushed stone.
- Secondary. This type of rubble in construction is rare enough. The strength of this resource is very low, so it is better not to use it for the construction of a foundation. If this happened, you can wait for any surprises from the ground. Of course, there are exceptions to the rules, however, the strength of the secondary rubble is really extremely low.
Separately, I would like to note that in the conditions when groundwater lies shallow, it makes sense to make a choice in favor of granite rubble. In such conditions, it is confident that the foundation will be in an acceptable state for a long period of operation.
The main characteristics of rubble
It should be borne in mind that the characteristics of the rubble should pay much more attention than on the origin of the resource. The thing is that on the basis of the characteristics, we definitely understand, suits us a specific crushed stone to create a foundation, or better abandon it.
We further consider the main characteristics of rubble:
- Frost resistance. This characteristic is especially important in cases where it comes to localities where during the winter period can be encountered with extremely low temperatures. If the crushed stone is low frost resistance, then in the stern cold characteristics of the foundation will deteriorate significantly. The strength of the material will fall. First of all, frost resistance is determined on the basis of freezing cycles-thawing product. For the construction, it is better to use rubble with a value of 300 cycles (F300). If we are talking about a tropical climate, then the frost resistance does not matter.
- Strength. Of course, it is precisely for the strength of the rubble, people who want to create a durable foundation. As we said, the most durable crusche is granite. The stronger the material, the more loads can withstand the base of the house. Despite this, under certain conditions, the granite material may have excessive strength, and overpay because of this, the money is simply meaningless. Thus, the calculations or approximate analysis of the future construction project will not prevent.
- Beschy. This is another important characteristic that you need to pay attention to all people who thought to start construction. Beschy is the characteristics of the material flatness. The most common crushed stone is distinguished by the presence of a large amount of plastic and needle grains. If the first grains are too much in the stone, the concrete mixture may be low-quality. In addition, it should be borne in mind that with such a situation in concrete, numerous emptiness may be formed, so special attention should be paid to the sealing of the mixture. Crushed stone cuboid form is the most practical solution, since in this case there should be no problems with emptiness in concrete. Accordingly, it is the granite crushed stone that has a cuboid form, which is why it is the most qualitative option for construction work.
- Radioactivity. Of course, the issue of the safety of the use of certain construction resources is almost always very acute. Despite the fact that the manufacturers carried out most of the market are occupied, it is often possible to become a victim of poor-quality products. Sometimes a radioactive crushed stone can really get caught, which, during the entire period of operation of the foundation, will felt about himself. Fortunately, check whether the crushed stone is radioactive, simple enough. To do this, you need to have a dosimeter. If there is at least a small hint of increased radiation, it is better to refuse such products.
- Rubble fraction. This aspect is also of great importance. It should be paid to the fact that today there are numerous rubble fractions in construction work, and it all depends directly from the scope of work, as well as on some other factors. For example, large material is often used in large construction projects, however, with the same weighing the small material would be much more efficient, but there is no extra need for this. Next, we will consider in detail the main details associated with the rubble fraction.
It is important to remember that enterprises that are engaged in the implementation of rubble have relevant documents and licenses. Thus, if everything is officially, the manufacturer must provide the full characteristic of its products. Based on this information, we have the opportunity to understand whether a concrete crushed stone is suitable for our construction work. At the same time, you can become a victim and low-quality products, if you purchase crushed stone from untested manufacturers engaged in product sales without licenses and other key documents. Unfortunately, there are a lot of such unverified sellers, and they often reset part of the price to attract more buyers. In the end, it turns out that the characteristics of the rubble can not at all correspond to the work performed at all, and this will extremely negatively affect the construction process.
Accordingly, experts advise to overpay the extra money, just to be confident in the high quality of the purchased product.
Analysis of rubble fraction
As we have already spoken, the rubble fraction is the most important characteristic that the final quality of concrete structures largely depends. First of all, it is necessary to analyze the main fractions of the material.
Small fractions rubble:
- 3x8 mm;
- 5x10 mm;
- 10 x 20;
- 5 x 20.
On the basis of small rubble, responsible construction work is carried out. It is about creating slabs of floors, bridges, as well as other concrete structures. Of course, to create residential buildings it is at all necessary to use this fraction, but the quality of concrete structures will be unambiguously high. Small rubble is somewhat more expensive than the main fractions of this material, and it is also necessary to pay attention to the owners.
Medium fractions rubble:
- 20x40 mm;
- 25:60 mm.
The average fraction of rubble is often used for the production of concrete, road construction, as well as elements of railway coatings. Also, the amount of rubble will be a good solution for laying the foundation.
Large rubble fraction:
- 20x70 mm;
- 40x70 mm.
Large crushed stone is used to create production facilities, as well as large-scale concrete buildings of various types. Partially large rubble fraction is used and when creating bridges.
Also there are also non-standard fractions of rubble, but they are most often used to decorate various surfaces. It is worth saying that directly in construction should use the standard sizes of rubble.
Recently, a greater prevalence received eurosreb. These are certain sizes of the material that are in each of the above groups. Accordingly, it is not necessary to think long about what material is best acquired.
It is also necessary to remember that in similar construction work with different fractions it will take the same rubble weight. Thus, if there is no need for a small fraction simply, it is better to make a choice in favor of a large material.
As for directly creating the foundation, here the faction plays not such a serious role. It is most important to make a choice in favor of a quality material that corresponds to a number of characteristics. When examining, the rubble of any fraction can be easily installed, whether the material is high quality.
If the volume of construction work is minimal, you can use granite crushed stone small fraction. This is an expensive material, but in the high quality of the concrete structure you can be sure.
Well, at the end I would like to note that the use of a crushed stone of different fractions is still not recommended, since the strength of the foundation should be equal to the entire perimeter.
