Paying attention to the safety of its real estate, you should think not only about protection against robbers, but also on how to protect yourself from the fire. Many armoredver owners are confident that their installation will secure the room from all troubles. But it should be noted that high-quality armored vehicles have a margin of fire resistance about 10-20 minutes, the refractoriness of conventional metal doors is not even conducted. During the fire, the fire easily spreads around the room, without meeting obstacles in its path. Therefore, it is important to take care that the entrance door is reliable from the point of view of fire safety.
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Fire doors and their features
So, let's figure out how fire-resistant fire-resistant doors represent them and what they differ from ordinary metallic. Fire doors are designed to protect against fire and smoke, from toxic combustion products and high temperatures. The main task of the fire-resistant door is to create an obstacle for fire and detention to its distribution.
The fire resistance of the fire doors is ensured by the fact that in its manufacture, non-combustible materials and special high-tech fillers with refractory properties are used. Thanks to internal fillers, the metal fireproof door acquires not only fire resistance, but also significantly increases sound and thermal insulation.
Often, the filler consists of mineral wool slabs based on silicon dioxide or basalt fibers, they are filled with all the inner space of the door. Silicon or silica is capable of keeping a constant temperature of up to 1200 degrees and a short to 1,700 degrees. Basalt fibers hold the temperature depending on the length of the thread itself. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use asbestos as a filler, and this is a carcinogen that adversely affects human health.
The main material for the manufacture of fire-resistant metal doors is an allotted steel profile. And it is not surprising, since it is steel that has a melting point from 700 to 1000 0S. So that the steel began to burn, the flame temperature should reach over 2000 degrees. By the way, the tree and synthetics begin to burn at a temperature of about 220 degrees. So the stock of fire resistance of the metal fire doors is enough to 120 minutes, depending on its class. For minimal property protection, before the arrival of the fire service representatives, the door with the limit of fire resistance is required at least 30 minutes.
The use of fire doors
Before you choose and buy fire-resistant fire-resistant doors, it is necessary to determine what kind of door is needed, in what premises it is required to use it. Basically, fire-resistant metal doors are installed in the premises to which special fire-prevention requirements are put forward. For example, warehouses with fuel and lubricants, electrical, places of large cluster of people, such as theaters, entertainment complexes, schools, etc. Also, fire-resistant metal doors are recommended to be installed as an entrance to an apartment or technical premises.
Since the fire doors have long been sustainable for a long time, they do not pass into the room smoke and fire, then people have more chances to leave the building covered by flames and unscrew. It is necessary to take into account the fact that with a significant heating of only one part of the fire-resistant metal door, there is a risk of deformation of the canvas itself and jamming it in the door frame. Such cases are possible if there is an explosion of flammable materials during a fire. To avoid such cases in warehouses where explosive substances are stored, fire doors from metal with an additional insulating material should be installed.
Criteria that should be considered when choosing a fire door
The price of fire-resistant doors directly depends on the degree of its refractory. When choosing a door, such factors should be taken into account such as the presence or absence in the premises of the fire extinguishing system, the distance to the nearest fire department, the degree of fire and explosion hazard, etc. You have to consider also the type of wall:
- from brick;
- from plasterboard;
- from reinforced concrete;
- from foam block.
From the type of wall depends on the choice of the design of the door frame. The doorway fire is a verticle is both a simple and more complex end. When choosing doors, it is necessary to take into account the fireproof the wall itself. It is pointless to acquire the door with greater refractory, than the wall, as the wall collapses much earlier than the fire will get to the door. Another important factor is the aesthetic component.
The fire-fighting door can easily become the subject of decor, as various color solutions and configurations of door handles and facial canvas are possible. It should be noted that the paint coatings of fire doors also possess refractory properties. When choosing the handles and other door accessories, it is better to pay attention to those manufactured from refractory materials. Also, high-quality fire doors must be equipped with loops on bearings, as this will provide a smoother door of the door, even when heated and prevents the jam.
Basically, metal fire fighting doors are equipped with the locks of a special design, which allow a fire in case of a fire, with one pressing of the handle from the inside to open the doors and exit the room, the so-called "antipartery". Such castles make it possible to open the door without effort to children, older people and disabled people. The system also allows in emergency to open the door with the elbow.
Choosing the door, you need to check the certificate on it relative to its fire safety, where the limit of fire resistance must be specified at a certain temperature and the maximum temperature regime that the door is able to withstand. Fire safety certificate is issued only to those doors that have passed the appropriate tests, as close as possible to real fire conditions.
For testing, the door is placed in a special chamber, where it is heated to the open flame temperature. Then, with the help of devices, the door temperature is measured from the reverse side. The door is heated until it starts to lose its refractory properties and collapse. There are several criteria for estimating fire resistance doors:
- the first - time through which the door loses its ability to thermal insulation,
- the second - time, through which cracks or holes arise on the surface of the door cloth
- third - time through which the design is fully under way.
After all tests, fire-resistant metal doors receive appropriate labeling, indicating the level of refractory. The marking is applied on the box itself and on the door canvas. A high-quality fire-resistant door must have the same label as on the door frame. Door marking is duplicated in passport to them.
Specifications of fire doors
According to the technical characteristics, fire-fighting doors are classified by the class of fire resistance and marked with Latin letters:
- E - indicates the time in which the doors will be integer;
- I - the time at which the doors will hold hot air;
- W is the time at which the doors will restrain the heat flux;
- S is the time at which the doors will restrain smoke and carbon monoxide.
The doors fire-fighting DPM consist of a frame and the canvas itself. On the loop frame, which serves as a platband, the canvas of the door is hung. It is filled with refractory material, the amount and order of placement of which ensures the required level of thermal insulation and fire resistance. The following should be the installation of a thermoprooper tape around the perimeter of the door box, which during the fire is exhausted and hermetically fills the gaps, without allowing smoke and combustion products to penetrate the room. There are also bivalve fire-fighting doors, with fire-resistant glazing and without. For greater refractory, glazing on the doors should occupy no more than 25% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe canvas.
Fire doors manufacturers
Since the fire safety issue is quite relevant, there are quite many firms with the production of this product, both abroad and in Russia. The production technology is quite simple, and the quality of the finished product depends exclusively from the materials that were used for the manufacture of the door. Based on this, there is no sense to buy more expensive imported products. The difference in the price is caused by overpaying the brand and logistics costs.
By and large, each city has at least 3-4 local manufacturers. Therefore, we consider only those companies that have received localization throughout the country and have proven themselves in the best possible way. Among them:
- Serpukhov Electromechanical Plant - the largest enterprise in Russia, which is engaged in the production of various fire structures. Of the advantages should be allocated for more than 70 years of experience and the use of the most advanced technologies.
- Phototech is a single major manufacturers who specialize in creating translucent refractory doors.
- Orman - as well as the previous company, is engaged in the production of translucent structures. The disadvantage is that the product range is significantly less.
- Module-K - Modern manufacturers of fire-resistant doors, which offers the widest range of products to the buyer. There is an opportunity to choose both budget versions and elite products that are except high flap of fire resistance have an exquisite appearance.
The price of fire doors starts from 8000 p. and reaches a few hundred thousand. It is worth noting that 40% of the cost, and sometimes even 60%, accounted for accessories and castle. If you wish to save, the best option is to purchase these parts separately and install them or invite a specialist.
