Paying attention to the safety of your real estate, you should think not only about protection against robbers, but also on how to protect yourself from fire. Many owners of armored vehicles are sure that their installation will protect the room from all troubles. But it should be noted that high-quality armor-resistance has a supply of fire resistance for about 10-20 minutes, we are not even conducted about the refractory of conventional metal doors. During the fire, the fire easily spreads around the room, without meeting the barriers in its path. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the front door is reliable in terms of fire safety.
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Противопожарные двери и их особенности
So, let's figure out what fire -resistant doors are and how they differ from ordinary metal ones. Fire doors are designed to protect against fire and smoke, from toxic combustion products and high temperature. The main task of the fire -resistant door is the creation of an obstacle to fire and the detention of its distribution.
The fire resistance of the fire door is ensured by the fact that during its manufacture, non -combustible materials and special high -tech fillers are used, which have refractory properties. Thanks to internal fillers, a metal fire door acquires not only fire resistance, but also significantly increases sound and thermal insulation.
Often, the filler consists of mineral wool plates based on silicon dioxide or basalt fibers, they fill the entire interior of the door. Silicon dioxide or silica is able to maintain a constant temperature of up to 1200 degrees and short up to 1700 degrees. The basalt fibers hold the temperature depending on the length of the thread itself. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use asbestos as a filler, and this is a carcinogen that negatively affects human health.
The main material for the manufacture of fire -resistant metal doors is a whole steel profile. And this is not surprising, since it is steel that has a melting point of 700 to 1000 0S. In order for steel to burn, the flame temperature should reach over 2000 degrees. By the way, wood and synthetics begin to burn at a temperature of about 220 degrees. So the reserve of fire resistance of a metal fire door is enough up to 120 minutes, depending on its class. For the minimum protection of property, before the arrival of the fire service, a door with a fire resistance limit for at least 30 minutes is needed.
The use of fire doors
Before choosing and buying fire -resistant doors, you need to decide why such a door is needed, in which rooms it is necessary to use it. Basically, fire -resistant metal doors are installed in rooms, to which special fire requirements are advanced. For example, warehouses with fuel and lubricants, electrical panels, places of large accumulation of people, such as theaters, entertainment complexes, schools, etc. Also, fire -resistant metal doors are recommended to be installed as entrance to the apartment or technical rooms.
Since fire -fighting doors for a long time preserve their stability, do not let smoke and fire into the room, people have more chances to leave the building covered by the flame intact and unharmed. It is necessary to take into account the fact that with a significant heating of only one part of the fire -resistant metal door, there is a risk of deformation of the canvas itself and its jamming in the doorbox. Such cases are possible if during the fire there is an explosion of flammable materials. To avoid such cases, in warehouses where explosive substances are stored, fire doors made of metal with additional insulating material should be installed.
The criteria should be taken into account when choosing a fire door
The price of a fire -resistant door directly depends on the degree of its refractory. When choosing a door, factors should be taken into account such as the presence or absence of a fire extinguishing system in the room, distance to the nearest fire department, the degree of fire and explosion hazard, etc. You also have to take into account the type of wall:
- from brick;
- from drywall;
- from reinforced concrete;
- from foam block.
The choice of the design of the door frame depends on the type of wall. The door box of the fire -fire door is both simple and more complex end. When choosing doors, you need to take into account the refractory of the wall itself. It is pointless to acquire a door with greater refractiveness than that of the wall, since the wall to collapse much earlier than the fire reaches the door. Еще один немаловажный фактор – эстетическая составляющая.
A fire door can easily become a decor item, since various color solutions and configurations of door handles and facial canvases are possible. It should be noted that the paintwork of fire doors also have refractory properties. When choosing handles and other door accessories, it is better to pay attention to those made of refractory materials. Also, high -quality fire -fighting doors should be equipped with loops on bearings, as this will provide a more smooth door move even when heated and prevent jamming.
Basically, metal fire doors are equipped with locks of a special design, which allow, if the fire occurs, with one click of the handle, open the doors and leave the room, the so -called “antipanic”. Such locks make it possible to open the door without effort to children, older people and disabled people. The system also allows in emergency cases to open the door with the elbow.
When choosing a door, you need to check for it a certificate regarding its fire safety, where the fire resistance limit at a certain temperature and the maximum temperature regime, which the door can withstand, should be indicated. The fire safety certificate is issued only to those doors that have passed the relevant tests as close as possible to the real conditions of the fire.
For testing, the door is placed in a special camera, where it is warmed up to the temperature of the open flame. Then, using devices, measure the temperature of the door from the reverse side. The door is heated until it begins to lose its refractory properties and collapse. There are several criteria for assessing the fire resistance of the doors:
- the first is the time through which the door loses its ability to thermal insulation,
- the second is the time through which cracks or holes occur on the surface of the door leaf,
- the third is the time through which the design is completely unusable.
After all the tests, fire -resistant metal doors receive the appropriate marking, indicating the level of refractory. Marking is applied on the box itself and on the doorbell. A high -quality fire -resistant door should have the same marking as on the door frame. The marking of the doors is duplicated in the passport to them.
Technical characteristics of fire doors
According to technical characteristics, fire doors are classified according to the resistance class of fire and marked in Latin letters:
- Е – указывает на время, при котором двери будут целыми;
- I – время, при котором двери будут удерживать раскаленный воздух;
- W is the time in which the doors will restrain the heat stream;
- S is the time in which the doors will restrain smoke and carbon monoxide.
Fire DPM doors consist of a frame and the canvas itself. On the loops of the frame, which serves as a platband, the door leaf is hung. It is filled with refractory material, the amount and order of placement of which provides the required level of thermal insulation and fire resistance. Next, it is necessary to install a heat -sealing tape around the perimeter of the door box, which during the fire swells and hermetically filling the gaps, not allowing smoke and combustion products to penetrate the room. There are also bivalves of fire doors, with fire -resistant glazing and without. For greater refractiveness, glazing on the doors should occupy no more than 25% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe canvas.
Fire doors manufacturers
Since the issue of fire safety is quite relevant, a lot of firms are engaged in the production of these products, both abroad and in Russia. Production technology is quite simple, and the quality of the finished product depends solely on the materials that were used to manufacture the door. Based on this, it makes no sense to buy more expensive imported products. The difference in price is caused by overpayment for the brand and logistics expenses.
By and large, in every city there are at least 3-4 local manufacturing companies. Therefore, we will consider only those companies that have received localization throughout the country and have established themselves in the best way. Among them:
- The Serpukhov Electromechanical Plant is the largest enterprise in Russia, which is engaged in the production of various fire structures. Of the advantages, more than 70 years of experience and the use of the most advanced technologies should be distinguished.
- Phototechnician is one of the few large manufacturers who specializes in creating translucent refractory doors.
- Orman - like the previous company, is engaged in the production of translucent structures. The disadvantage is that the range of products is much smaller.
- Module-K-modern manufacturers of fire-resistant doors, which offers the buyer the widest range of products. It is possible to choose both budget options and elite products, which, in addition to high fire resistance indicators, have an exquisite appearance.
The price of fire doors starts from 8000 p. And reaches several hundred thousand. It is worth noting that 40% of the cost, and sometimes even 60%, falls on accessories and lock. If you want to save, the best option is to purchase these parts separately and install them yourself or invite a specialist.
