Against the background of continuous increase in the cost of energy carriers, the issue of housing is becoming increasingly relevant. The one-time costs associated with the insulation of a private house pays off very quickly, literally in one season. The need to use additional heating radiators will disappear, in the house will heat up, dry and cozy. Provide additional sound insulation, protects the house not only from the cold, but also from extraneous noise. Yes, and externally, the housing will be significantly transformed.
Content
What to pay attention to when choosing a heat insulation material
The facade, which is presented below, acquired a well-kept modern view through the use of facing material vinyl siding. And most recently, it was an ordinary, inconspicuous home that no one paid attention to.
The main question is solved at the stage of preparatory work - the choice of insulation. The modern industry offers the consumer the widest selection of thermal insulation materials. And here the main thing is not to be confused, analyze all the pros and cons of each and choose the best option. Special attention in the process of choice, pay the following characteristics of materials for thermal insulation:
- Density. The insulation creates an additional burden on the building structure. To determine whether the design is capable of withstanding additional weight, calculate the mass of the insulation as a product of its density to the required volume.
- Water absorption coefficient. This indicator indicates the amount of moisture absorbed by the material. Binding moisture, thermal insulation material partially loses its useful properties. As a result, its service life decreases. Consequently, the smaller the water absorption coefficient, the better.
- Class of flammability. Very important indicator. G1 - the least combustible materials. Without an open source, they do not burn. G4 - the most combustible materials. Seasive use insulation class G1.
- Durability of the material. The durable heat insulating material, the longer you do not have to repeat the work on the insulation of the facade.
- Ecology. An important characteristic for those who are watching their health. Synthetic materials are capable of separating harmful substances when heated.
- Soundproofing abilities. Modern materials used in insulation protect the home not only from the cold, but also from noise. The higher the sound insulation ability, the quieter and more comfortable will be in the house.
- Paropropusca. Very important characteristic. When using materials with weak paropropusk ability, it is necessary to take care of the presence in the house of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation.
- Mounting complexity. This characteristic becomes especially relevant when working on insulation, with their own hands, without attracting specialists.
Important value for most consumers has the cost of thermal insulation material. But do not forget, the cheapest rarely is the highest quality and durable. It is better to overpay for the quality of the material than in a few years it will re-hold all the work on insulation.
Thermal insulation materials used for house insulation
Among thermal insulation materials are most popular:
1. Mineral wool. This is a fibrous material that in its own way resembles Wat. It is made from all sorts of rocks and slags. The form of release is plates or rolls.
Advantages:
- is made of different density;
- very high sound insulation capacity;
- has elevated burning resistance;
- vapor-permeable material;
- eco-friendly material.
Disadvantages:
- high price;
- not very convenient material in the work;
- high degree of water absorption. You can not use without additional external protection;
- in the mineral wool they can get rodents.
2. Polyfoam. It is a lot of small balls from plastics, inside of which air is located. Get such material with hot molding. Form of material - plates.
Advantages:
- different density, from 11 to 35 kg / m3;
- low cost of thermal insulation material;
- not bad water resistance. However, with direct moisture getting, wet and loses its heat-insulating properties. Used exclusively with external protection.
Disadvantages:
- polyfoam is a very fragile material. It is necessary to work with him extremely carefully;
- easily flammable;
- in the process of burning, toxic substances are distinguished;
- susceptible to destruction under the influence of sunlight;
- low vapor permeability.
3. Extruded expanded polystyrene foam. It is closed polystyrene cells with air. Produced in the form of plates.
Advantages:
- easy and convenient to mount;
- increased moisture resistance;
- high strength.
Disadvantages:
- high value of material;
- low vapor permeability;
- combustible material;
- selects toxic substances in the process of combustion.
4. "Warm" plaster. The mixture that consists of white cement, small balls of foam glass and special additives.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- high moisture resistance;
- not susceptible to burning;
- high sound insulation properties.
The disadvantage of this beautiful material is one, but rather significant. To insulate the facade of the house "warm" plaster, you must use the services of professionals. Qualitatively to perform the work with your own hands at the newbie is unlikely to succeed.
5. Cork insulation. Natural thermal insulation material. It is manufactured from cork chips or cortex cortex. For this, the bour or crumb is crushed and treated under pressure from a hot steam. The resulting material is pressed, used as a binder with natural resin and cut into the plates.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- mold is not formed on cork slabs;
- does not highlight toxic substances in the process of combustion.
Disadvantages:
- easily flammable.
6. Cellulose wool. It turns out as a result of processing waste paper. In the production process is treated with special substances that reduce flammability.
Advantages:
- like most natural heaters, cellulose has good vapor permeability;
- it is observed for the formation of mushrooms and mold.
Disadvantages:
- not moisture-resistant material;
- it does not withstand mechanical impacts. Therefore, in natural form, it is used mainly in attics. The walls are insulated by a stronger modification of cellulose wool, in the production of which not only paper is used, but also special binders.
7. Hemp. Wide variety of output forms. These are separate fibers used for sealing narrow slots, and plates, and rolls. Adding Bohr's salts during the production of salts can significantly reduce the risk of fire.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- not subject to the formation of mushrooms and mold.
Disadvantages:
- poor reacts to the gulling loads.
8. Straw. The source material for this type of insulation is the straw of such crops, like rye, wheat, oats and barley. The source material is pressed and tied with cords or wire. Major advantages - Natural origin, which entails good vapor permeability. Among the shortcomings, the main thing is to combustibility.
9. Algae. Another natural thermal insulation material. It is made of dried algae. Basic shape - plates.
Advantages:
- high vapor permeability;
- this thermal insulation material is not subject to the formation of mushrooms and mold;
- in warming of algae, rodents are not breed;
- the material does not rot;
- high resistance to fire.
Advice: Before you finally stop your choice on a particular heat-insulating material, try to find out how he manifested himself in this climatic zone.
Methods of insulation of the facade of a private house
The insulation of the facade is possible in three methods:
1. Warming inside the walls. Unfortunately, this method is available only at the construction stage. Its essence is as follows: the walls when building the building is asked with voids that are filled with insulation. This insulation method is very effective. It is widely used when building modern houses.
2. Warming inside the building. The main disadvantage of the method is to reduce the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe inner premises of the building due to the installation of the insulation. Therefore, it is used only in case of impossible insulation of the facade outside.
3. Warming outside the building. This method is optimally suitable for a private house. And the preservation of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe dwelling is not the only advantage. It is believed that resistance to the vapor permeation of materials, which make up the wall of the house, should fall when driving out. Otherwise, do not avoid the accumulation of water vapor in the insulation layer. Therefore, the facade of the house, if there is such an opportunity, insulate exactly outside. And from aesthetic point of view, insulation outside is more efficient. The use of the latest finishing materials will turn even the ordinary house in the exquisite modern dwelling. There are several main ways to insulate the facade outside:
- ventilated hinged facades;
- "Well" masonry;
- "Wet" facade;
- "Warm" plaster;
- consider them in more detail.
Ventilated hinged facade
The mounted facade is a design, the main components of which are the framework, insulation and cladding. Of course, it is better to trust care of the insulation of the facade of professionals. But in acute necessity, you can cope and yourself.
The following materials will be needed for work:
- Aluminum profiles for frame, brackets.
- Fasteners. These are self-tapping screws, rivets, dowel, anchor.
- Heattel. Any thermal insulation material can be used. But most often for mounted facades use mineral or cellulose wool.
- Facing material. It performs both decorative and protective function. Therefore, the choice of facing material depends mainly on the aesthetic consumer preferences. And, of course, from his purchasing abilities. The price range for facing materials is wide, on average from $ 1.5 per 1 m 2. Most often use:
- porcelain stoneware;
- vinyl siding;
- fibro cement facade plates;
- scanrog
Procedure for conducting work:
- Clean the facade of the house from the old cladding.
- Prepare the carcass project.
- Make markup on the wall according to the project.
- Fix the brackets on the places placed. To attach brackets to the outer wall, use the effects of corrosion of anchor. Mounting through the washer. To protect against corrosion, anchor hat is preferably painted.
- With the help of plastic anchors, fasten the insulation on the facade.
- Mount the frame from the guides by attaching them to rivets to the brackets. The shape of the frame and the distance between the guides depends on the selected cladding material.
- Start the installation of facing.
Advice: There must be a gap from 2 to 4 cm between cladding and insulation. Thanks to it, thermal insulation properties will increase, steam and extra moisture will be ensured from the insulation layer.
Ventilated hinged facades - a wonderful method of insulation. But it is not suitable for all buildings. Houses from the hollow brick, foam concrete and other materials with low density to insulate in this way can not be.
"Cleaning" masonry
The "well" masonry is very reminded by its structure mounted facade. It consists of a brick wall, insulation and facing bricks. It is used mainly for brick houses. The main feature of the design is the impossibility of protecting the insulation from moisture. Therefore, for this method, the extremely moisture-resistant thermal insulation material is suitable. The extruded polystyrene foam is most often used.
The work algorithm is very simple:
- The selected thermal insulation material is attached to the brick wall.
- Laying facing bricks.
- However, it is not recommended independently. Facing brick - work for specialists.
"Wet" facade
The method is an insulation of the outer wall of the house with a selected heat insulation material, followed by applying a layer of plaster performing protective and decorative functions.
For insulation of the house, any existing building insulators are used. Most often, the foam or mineral wool is used for this purpose. The algorithm for conducting work for different thermal insulation materials is identical. Consider it on the example of the insulation of the walls of the foam.
How to insulate the facade of foam:
- Treat the wall with antifungal composition.
- Start foam sheets on the wall, performing leaf dressings.
- Cover the surface of the foam glue and impose the reinforcing grid. Mesh density from 140 g / m2. You need to dock the grid.
- Apply a layer of adhesive mass on the grid.
- Sprouter the surface.
- Apply a layer of decorative plaster.
Like the "well" masonry, this method of insulation of facades is better to entrust specialists. This is a very laborious process, successfully cope with it without proper training is almost impossible.
"Warm plaster"
"Warm" plaster is applied directly on the wall. It combines both functions: both insulation, and decorative coverage. Beautiful material: Eco-friendly, moisture resistant. At home, with the insulation of which the "warm" plaster was used, possess good sound insulation. The risk of warming the insulation is minimized. But the application of "warm" plaster is a very time-consuming process that requires considerable time and high professional level of the Contractor.
