Against the background of continuous rise in energy of energy carriers, the issue of insulation of the home is becoming more and more relevant. One -time costs associated with the insulation of a private house pay off very quickly, literally in one season. The need to use additional heating radiators will disappear, the house will become warm, dry and comfortable. It will provide additional sound insulation, protect the house not only from the cold, but also from extraneous noise. And outwardly the dwelling will be significantly transformed.
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What to look for when choosing thermal insulation material
The facade, the photo of which is presented below, acquired a well -groomed modern look through the use of facing material vinyl siding. And more recently, it was an ordinary, inconspicuous house, which no one paid attention to.
The main question solved at the stage of preparatory work is the choice of insulation. Modern industry offers the consumer the widest selection of thermal insulation materials. And here the main thing is not to be confused, to analyze all the pros and cons of each and choose the best option. Pay special attention to the following characteristics of materials for thermal insulation:
- Density. The insulation creates an additional load on the construction of the building. To determine whether the design is able to withstand additional weight, calculate the mass of insulation as a product of its density to the required volume.
- Water absorption coefficient. This indicator indicates the amount of moisture absorbed by the material. Having absorbed moisture, thermal insulation material partially loses its beneficial properties. As a result, its service life is reduced. Therefore, the smaller the water absorption coefficient, the better.
- Class of combustibility. A very important indicator. G1 - the least combustible materials. Without an open fire source, they do not burn. G4 - the most combustible materials. It is safer to use class g1 insulation.
- The durability of the material. The more durable thermal insulation material, the longer you will not have to repeat the work on insulation of the facade.
- Environmental friendliness. An important characteristic for those who follow their health. Synthetic materials can distinguish harmful substances when heated.
- Sound insulating abilities. Modern materials used in insulation protect the dwelling not only from the cold, but also from noise. The higher the soundproofing ability, the quieter and comfortable in the house.
- Vapor peripation. A very important characteristic. When using materials with weak vapor permits, it is necessary to take care of the presence of high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation in the house.
- The complexity of installation. This characteristic becomes especially relevant in conducting work on insulation with your own hands, without involving specialists.
The cost of thermal insulation material is also of no small importance for most consumers. But do not forget, the cheapest is rarely the highest quality and durable. It is better to overpay for the quality of the material than in a few years to re -carry out all the insulation work.
Thermal insulation materials used to warm the house
Among thermal insulation materials are the most popular:
1. Mineral wool. This is a fibrous material that in its appearance resembles cotton wool. It is made from all kinds of rocks and slags. The output form is slabs or rolls.
Advantages:
- made of different densities;
- very high soundproofing ability;
- has increased burning resistance;
- vapor -permeable material;
- ecological material.
Flaws:
- high price;
- not very convenient material in the work;
- high degree of water absorption. Cannot be used without additional external protection;
- rodents can be started in mineral wool.
2. Foam. It is a lot of small plastic balls inside which there is air. Get such material with hot molding. The shape of the material is slabs.
Advantages:
- different density, from 11 to 35 kg/m3;
- low cost of thermal insulation material;
- good water resistance. Nevertheless, when moisture direct hit, it gets wet and loses its thermal insulation properties. It is used exclusively with external protection.
Flaws:
- foam is a very fragile material. It is necessary to work with him extremely carefully;
- easily ignited;
- in the process of combustion, toxic substances are released;
- subject to destruction under the influence of sunlight;
- low vapor permeability.
3. Extruded polystyrene foam. It is a closed polystyrene cells with air. Available in the form of plates.
Advantages:
- easy and convenient to mount;
- increased moisture resistance;
- high strength.
Flaws:
- high cost of material;
- low vapor permeability;
- combustible material;
- selects toxic substances during combustion.
4. "Warm" plaster. The mixture that consists of white cement, small balls of foamed glass and special additives.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- high moisture resistance;
- not susceptible to burning;
- high soundproofing properties.
The disadvantage of this excellent material is one, but quite significant. To insulate the facade of the house "warm" plaster, you need to use the services of professionals. It is unlikely that the newcomer can do it with your own hands with your own hands.
5. Cork heater. Natural heat -insulating material. It is made of cork crumb or cork tree bark. To do this, the bark or baby is crushed and processed under pressure from hot steam. The resulting material is pressed, natural resin is used as a binder and cut into plates.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- mold does not form on cork plates;
- it does not emit toxic substances during combustion.
Flaws:
- easily ignite.
6. Cellulose cotton wool. It turns out as a result of processing of waste paper. In the production process, it is treated with special substances that reduce combustibility.
Advantages:
- like most natural insulation, cellulose has good vapor permeability;
- inappropriate to the formation of mushrooms and mold.
Flaws:
- not moisture -resistant material;
- does not withstand mechanical influences. Therefore, in natural form is used mainly in attics. The walls are insulated with a more durable modification of cellulose cotton wool, the production of which uses not only paper, but also special binders.
7. Penka. A wide variety of forms of release. These are separate fibers used to seal narrow cracks, and slabs, and rolls. The addition of boron salts in the production process can significantly reduce the risk of fire.
Advantages:
- good vapor permeability;
- not subject to mushrooms and mold.
Flaws:
- reacts badly to pressure loads.
8. Soloma. The initial material for this type of insulation is the straw of such crops as rye, wheat, oats and barley. The source material is pressed and tied with cords or wire. The main advantages are natural origin, which entails good vapor permeability. Among the shortcomings, the main ones are combustible.
9. Algae. Another natural heat -insulating material. It is made of dried algae. The main form is the slabs.
Advantages:
- high vapor permeability;
- this thermal insulation material is not subject to the formation of mushrooms and mold;
- rodents do not start in algae;
- the material does not rot;
- high resistance to fire.
Advice: Before finally stopping on a particular thermal insulation material, try to find out how he proved himself in this climatic zone.
Methods of insulation of the facade of a private house
The insulation of the facade is possible in three methods:
1. Insulation inside the walls. Unfortunately, this method is available only at the construction stage. Its essence is as follows: the walls when building a building are erected with voids that are filled with insulation. This method of insulation is very effective. It is widely used in the construction of modern houses.
2. Insulation inside the building. The main disadvantage of the method is to reduce the beneficial area of \u200b\u200bthe internal premises of the building due to the installation of the insulation. Therefore, it is used only if the facade is impossible to insulate.
3. Warming outside the building. This method is optimal for a private house. And the preservation of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe dwelling is not its only advantage. It is believed that the resistance of the vapor permeation of the materials that make up the wall of the house should decrease when moving. Otherwise, the accumulation of water vapor in the layer of insulation cannot be avoided. Therefore, the facade of the house, if there is such an opportunity, is insulated on the outside. And from an aesthetic point of view, insulation outside is more effective. The use of the latest finishing materials will turn even an ordinary house into an exquisite modern dwelling. There are several main ways to insulate the facade from the outside:
- ventilated hinged facades;
- "Poems" masonry;
- "Wet" facade;
- "Warm" plaster;
- consider them in more detail.
Ventilated hinged facade
The hinged facade is a design, the main components of which are a frame, insulation and cladding. Of course, it is better to entrust the care of the facade insulation to professionals. But with acute need, you can cope yourself.
The following materials will be needed for work:
- Aluminum profiles for the frame, brackets.
- Fasteners. These are self -tapping screws, rivets, dowels, anchor.
- Insulation. Any thermal insulation material can be used. But most often, mineral or cellulose cotton wool is used for hinged facades.
- Facing material. It performs both a decorative and protective function. Therefore, the choice of facing material depends mainly on the aesthetic preferences of the consumer. And, of course, from his purchasing abilities. The price range for facing materials is wide, on average from $ 1.5 per 1 m 2. Most often used:
- porcelain border;
- vinyl siding;
- fibrocument facade slabs;
- scanrog.
Procedure for the work:
- Clean the facade of the house from the old cladding.
- Prepare the frame of the frame.
- Mark on the wall according to the project.
- Fasten the brackets to marked places. To attach brackets to the outer wall, use anchor resistant to corrosion. Fastening through the washer. To protect against corrosion, it is advisable to paint over an anchor hat.
- Using plastic anchors, fix the insulation on the facade.
- Mount the frame from the guides, attaching them with rivets to the brackets. The shape of the frame and the distance between the guides depends on the selected facing material.
- Get the installation of the cladding.
Advice: Between the cladding and the insulation must be a gap of 2 to 4 cm. Thanks to it, thermal insulation properties will increase, steam and excess moisture from a layer of insulation will be provided.
Ventilated hinged facades are an excellent method of insulation. But it is far from all buildings. High -haired brick, foam concrete and other materials with low density cannot be insulated in this way.
"Polodeous" masonry
The “well” masonry is very reminiscent of the hinged facade in its structure. It consists of a brick wall, insulation and facing brick. It is used mainly for brick houses. The main feature of the design is the inability to protect the insulation from moisture. Therefore, for this method, exclusively moisture -resistant thermo -insulating material is suitable. Most often, extruded polystyrene foam is used.
The algorithm for performing work is very simple:
- The selected thermal insulation material is attached to the brick wall.
- Facing brick is laid.
- However, it is not recommended to perform it yourself. Brick cladding - work for specialists.
"Wet" facade
The method is the insulation of the outer wall of the house with the selected heat -insulating material with the subsequent application of the plaster layer that performs protective and decorative functions.
For insulation of the house, any existing construction heat insulators are used. Most often, foam or mineral wool is used for this purpose. The algorithm for conducting work for various thermal insulation materials is identical. Consider it on the example of wall insulation with foam.
How to insulate the facade with polystyrene:
- Treat the wall with an antifungal composition.
- Stick on the wall foam sheets, performing the dressing of sheets.
- Cover the surface of the foam with glue and put the reinforcing mesh. The density of the grid from 140 g/m2. It is necessary to join the grid overlap.
- Apply a layer of adhesive mass to the net.
- Grind the surface.
- Apply a layer of decorative plaster.
As well as “well” masonry, this method of insulation of facades is best entrusted to specialists. This is a very time -consuming process, it is almost impossible to successfully cope with it without proper preparation.
"Warm plaster"
The "warm" plaster is applied directly to the wall. It combines both functions: insulation and decorative coating. Excellent material: environmentally friendly, moisture resistant. At home, during the insulation of which the "warm" plaster was used, they have good sound insulation. The risk of fire of insulation is minimized. But applying “warm” plaster is a very time -consuming process that requires significant time and high professional level of the performer.
