Homemade bees are not only their own natural honey and miraculous poison, but also reliable charm, since ancient times revered by many peoples around the world. The number of honey and the size of the population depends largely on how high-quality will be hive. Consider how to make a hives with your own hands.
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Material for Ulya
Traditionally, the hives were made entirely of wood. But the abundance of more modern and energy-saving materials allows us to expand the ways to produce a house for bees. These include:
- plywood,
- polystyrene foam
- styrofoam.
Bees are very heat-loving, so metal or stone does not apply.
A tree, although it is one of the most universal materials, still has a number of shortcomings. First, without special equipment with it, it is very difficult to work, and secondly has low thermal conductivity indicators, thirdly, the price of wooden hive is quite high.
Almost all these shortcomings are devoid of plywood. The only minus, as in the case of a tree - low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, plywood, due to a small thickness, is easily combined with insulation.
The polystyrene foam and foam is a group of homogeneous substances, the exception that they differ in density. One-piece design of these materials will be strongly susceptible to mechanical damage, so they are most often used as additional structural elements. If we talk about thermal conductivity indicators, then they are above the foam.
Thus, the optimal hive is collected from the plywood frame and is insulated with foam plates. But before proceeding with the assembly, it is still necessary to determine with the species of the planned design.
Types of ulives
In fact, there are many varieties of hives. Each of them differs in size and method of placement of cells. The choice of a suitable model should be done based on the purposes for which you are going to start bees. It is customary to allocate the following types of hives:
- two-circuit
- with a semile shop
- sunbed
- dadan
- multicoups
Two-circuit hive is the most versatile. Not only because it is easiest to make it, but thanks to the convenience of operation. Nevertheless, it has enough small sizes in which honey is enough for its own needs. This limitation is not essential, since if desired, the hives are made as much as fit on the site.
The hives with a semi-resistant store are a design that consists of two independent parts. The first is intended for the habitat of the bee family, in the second mesh meshes for collecting honey. The housing with the grid is on top on the main one. If it is necessary, a strong honey assembly is allowed to three grids, but it adversely affects bees and reduces their population. This type of hives allows to collect the maximum number of honey, but the bees will have to be changed every 2-3 years.
Uli-sun beds are the remnant of the era. They appeared first when there were no known anyone about many peculiarities of bees. The main drawback is large dimensions that do not justify themselves in practice. The proven fact that bees prefer to develop the nest vertical, so the sun beds, the body of which is manufactured horizontally, slow down the development of the family and even in the presence of a set of cells do not give high surge rates.
Dadans are hives used in industrial production, as well as their close relatives of multi-circuable hives, they consist of separate boxes that are put one on another. In practice at home, Dadana and multicompute hives occupy too much space and require constant care. Therefore, for household purposes are used extremely rarely.
Thus it follows that the optimal option is a two-circuit hive. It is ideal for novice buttons and can provide one seven honey for all year round. If necessary, two-circuit hive is enough to simply remake in the multi-circuit.
Practical advice on choosing a hive
Selecting a house type for bees only the first step to the process of creating it. In addition to the form there are other equally important factors that affect the quality of the medical profession:
- volume,
- climatic zone
- type of medical device
- the method of exercising beekeeping.
Under the volume implies the size of the box designed for the life of bees. What she is more, the more family will be, and, as a result, the productivity of honey will increase. Bees live very dormitory, so the young family does not take up much space, and the free space will adversely affect its development.
Bees are warm-loving than the south of the apiary, the faster the family grows. There are northern varieties of bees, but they are all wild and are not found on sale. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that the southern regions boxes should have a greater volume than for the northern.
The type of medical doctor is conditionally divided into natural and aggressive. Natural implies receipt only of excess honey, while the bee remains enough stocks. Aggressive medical care is carried out by installing additional cassettes with cells. This requires special buildings.
Beekeeping is divided into stationary and nomadic. With the stationary size of the hives does not matter much, but if it comes to nomads, the weight of the structures should be minimal.
Based on the foregoing, it becomes obvious that the process of assembling the hives should be divided into:
- hives for beginners
- hives for nomadic beekeeping,
- box for multi-level hives.
Let us consider in detail the technological process of creating each of these types of houses for bees.
Hives for young beekens
Given all the nuances of beekeeping, optimally build hives from plywood. In their design, they will refer to two-circuit. First you need to draw a detailed drawing and cut all the necessary items. The dimensions of such a hive usually make up 450x450 mm around the perimeter and 300 mm in height.
The hive consists of the following elements:
- side walls
- bottom,
- lid,
- arrival plank
- flying
- removable bottom.
For the manufacture of the lower case, you will need to cut 8 squares of plywood 450x296 mm and 450x300 mm (provided that the plywood, 4 mm thick) is selected for operation). Plywood sheets need to be glued together. At the bottom edge, they must coincide, Falk is formed on the top, in which the removable floor will be installed in the future. Any building glue is suitable for gluing.
Next, two holes must be drilled in one of the resulting side panels. They are made in the center at a height of 15 mm below and 60 mm from above. The holes are called - pilots and serve so that bees can fall into the hive and fly back behind the nectar. Letters are made both rectangular and round shape. The lower, as a rule, is made with a height of 5-7 mm and a length of 250-300 mm, the upper has a circle shape with a diameter of from 7 to 15 mm.
The next step is to assemble the case. This procedure is carried out by drill and tree screws. Since the plywood is not intended for the power lift of the screws, the connection location is necessary at the beginning to drill a smaller diameter drill (the thickness of the screw). For reliable fixation, 6 screws from each BOK (purely from a building point of view, sufficient strength will be achieved even at four screws).
The box is ready, but it still needs to be equipped with a real bottom. To do this, cut the square size of 454x454 mm. Before screwing it with screws, it is necessary to miss the seats of adjacent surfaces with glue. This will reduce the heat loss as much as possible and will exclude drafts.
From the remnants of the sheet, arrival strips are cut (2 pcs.) And the bulkhead of the flare floor. The arrivals must be at least 20 mm wide and long 300-350 mm. False bulkheads are made 450 mm in length and 90 mm wide (need 5 slats).
Next, we collect the second building. The procedure for approximately the same, only stationary sex should not be done and one (which is above) is made instead of two letters. False floor is also not needed. The second box is covered with a lid. The size of the lid is 500x500 mm. It is glued along its perimeter, and then the slats of 4 mm wide are screwed, which are then included in the upper fold and provide the maximum dense adjacent of the lid.
The top case is placed on the lower, the cassettes are installed, after which it remains only to run bees. Depending on the type of cassette, it may be necessary to install on the internal perimeter of the box of additional planks for fixing.
Such a hive is suitable for transportation, and its design allows you to easily transfer the winter. For this, bees from the top hive are distilled in the lower. The top is cleaned in the barn, and in the lower ule, the temperature is acceptable to life even without insulation.
Hives for nomadic beekeeping
The manufacture of hives from plywood is not limited to the creation of monolithic structures. Quite often, the plywood serves only the framework to which the foam is attached. This method is optimally suitable for creating portable very light hives. To work, it is necessary to prepare 8 frames from plywood that are collected in the spike. Of these, the main framework is made. Its parameters depend on the size of the framework, it is desirable to choose the minimum height. For example, consider standard stores 435 × 230 mm.
Thus, in the width of the hive there should be 439 mm (the missing width needs to be reached due to a subframe, which will absorb the box around the perimeter). It is impossible to do exactly, since the cassette will go tightly, which will lead to its spoilement and aggression from the bee. Long depends on the number of cassettes, usually 10 (for each cassette there are 30 mm space). The height of the box should be 250 mm. Plywood retains the strength with a minimum width of 25 mm, respectively, on the frame there are 50 mm on the total height of the wall, then the foam is cut with a height of 200 mm.
Next, the seats are well sampled by the construction glue and the foam sheets are inserted between the boxes of the box. Screw them with screws (like Faneru itself) is not needed. The glue will be enough.
Beehive from plywood and foam deficiency is reliable and weighs extremely small, therefore it is ideal for nomadic beekeeping. The bottom has only the first box, the roof is only the last one. All intermediate elements are put on each other. Do not forget to drill the flyer in each of them and install the arrival plank.
This technology allows you to create homemade analogues of Dadan, so you need experience with such hives.
Box for multi-level hives
The hives from the plywood, the drawings of which are presented in abundance on the Internet, differ in the first place by the size of the cassettes. This is the first, from what should be repelled by creating your own drawing. How to work with the size of the cassettes is indicated above, so we consider how the technology of production of boxes is different.
Multi-level hives are suitable for stationary use at home. Certain inconveniences are created by the fact that the bees must be driven by winter to lower levels so that they do not froze. Avoid this procedure is quite easy.
Everything you need is to strip foamflast. But the material has one drawback, it is not suitable for the life of bees. Therefore, it is impossible to sneak from the inside. If you perform the procedure outside, the foam will start crumbs and collapse.
The only option to avoid is to make a double case, between which the foam sheet will be located. The bottom of the lower section must be made taking into account the final sizes of the side wall.
In the last compartment, the polyfoam does not need to lay the flush, leave 4-5 cm. At the perimeter of the cover, glue trimming, and a very high-quality monolithic connection will be obtained, 98% protect the heat from losing heat. How to make a hive of plywood, video will show more clearly.
Sacred secrets of bee
Since ancient times, the bee was considered sacred defenders at home. The hosts of the apiary often avoided the consequences of natural disasters, and their welfare was always surprised by others. Theories on this bill are much, therefore only a few facts.
Bees worshiped by Egyptians, Severoghermansky tribes, South American Indians and even in Tibet. In history, there are records of how the fire in the village went by the side of the house with the Eggs. But, in order for the magic of bees to work, it is necessary to observe a simple rule - to have one hunter in every corner of the plot.
