Home bees are not only their own natural honey and miraculous poison, but also a reliable amulet, which has been revered from ancient times revered by many peoples around the world. The amount of honey and the size of the population largely depend on how high -quality the hive will be. Consider how to make hives with your own hands.
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Material for the hive
Traditionally, the hives were made completely of wood. But the abundance of more modern and energy -saving materials allows you to expand the methods of production of a house for bees. These include:
- plywood,
- polystyrene foam,
- foam.
Bees are very thermophilic, so metal or stone is not used.
The tree, although it is one of the most universal materials, still has a number of disadvantages. Firstly, it is very difficult to work with it without special equipment, secondly, it has low thermal conductivity, and thirdly, the price of a wooden hive is quite high.
Almost all of these shortcomings are devoid of plywood. The only negative, as in the case of a tree, is low thermal conductivity. However, plywood, due to a small thickness, is easily combined with insulation.
Polystyrene and polystyrene foam are a group of homogeneous substances, with the exception that they differ in density. The whole structure of these materials will be very susceptible to mechanical damage, so they are most often used as additional structural elements. If we talk about thermal conductivity indicators, then they are above the foam.
Thus, the optimal hive is assembled from the plywood frame and is insulated with foam slabs. But before starting to assemble, it is still necessary to determine the type of planned design.
Types of hives
In fact, there are many varieties of hives. Each of them differs in size and method of placing cells. The choice of a suitable model should be made based on the goals for which you are going to start bees. It is customary to distinguish the following types of hives:
- double -case,
- with a half -gram shop,
- stear,
- dadan,
- multi -case.
The double -hollow hive is the most universal. Not only because it is easiest to make, but also thanks to the convenience of operation. Nevertheless, it has a fairly small size in which honey is enough only for its own needs. This restriction is not significant, since if desired, hives are made as much as it will fit on the site.
Hotes with a semi -frame store are a design that consists of two independent parts. The first is intended for the habitat of the bee family, the second is installed for collecting honey. The houses with the net are placed on top of the main one. If necessary, a strong honey collection is allowed up to three nets, but this adversely affects the bees and reduces their population. This type of hive allows you to collect the maximum amount of honey, but the bees will have to be changed every 2-3 years.
H Hebasy-laders are a relic of the era. They appeared the first when many features of care for bees were not yet known. The main drawback is large dimensions that do not justify themselves in practice. The proven fact that the bees prefer to develop the nest vertically, so the sunbeds whose body is made horizontally, slow down the development of the family and even if there are many hundreds of honeycombs do not give high indicators of the honey sort.
Dadans are hives used in industrial production, like their close relatives of multi -corps hives, they consist of separate boxes, which are placed one on another. In practice, at home, Dadana and multi -case hives take up too much space and require constant care. Therefore, for domestic purposes are extremely rare.
Thus, it follows that the best option is a two -corps hive. It is ideal for beginner beekeepers and can provide one family with honey on all year round. If necessary, a double -hollow hive is enough to easily redo into multi -corps.
Practical advice on choosing a hive
The choice of the type of house for bees is only the first step to the process of its creation. In addition to the form, there are other equally important factors that affect the quality of the honey collection:
- volume,
- climate zone,
- type of honey collection,
- the method of carrying out beekeeping.
By volume means the size of the box intended for the life of bees. The larger it is, the more the family will be, and, as a result, the performance of honey will increase. The bees live very heap, so the young family does not take up much space, and the free space will adversely influence its development.
The bees are thermophilic, the south there are apiary, the faster the family grows. There are northern varieties of bees, but they are all wild and are not on sale. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that for the southern regions, boxes should have a larger volume than for the northern ones.
The type of honey collection is conditionally divided into natural and aggressive. Natural involves obtaining only excess honey, while the bees have enough reserves. Aggressive honey collection is carried out by installing additional cassettes with honeycombs. This requires special buildings.
Beekeeping is divided into stationary and nomadic. With a stationary, the size of the hives does not matter much, but when it comes to nomadic, then the weight of the structures should be minimal.
Based on all of the above, it becomes obvious that the assembly process of the hives should be divided into:
- hives for beginners,
- hives for nomadic beekeeping,
- box for multi -level hives.
We will consider in detail the technological process of creating each of these types of bees for bees.
Hives for young beekeepers
Given all the nuances of beekeeping, it is optimal to build hives from plywood. In their design, they will be two -hidden. First you need to draw a detailed drawing and cut out all the necessary elements. The dimensions of this hive usually are 450x450 mm around the perimeter and 300 mm in height.
The hive consists of the following elements:
- side walls,
- bottom,
- lid,
- the arrival bar,
- lettok,
- removable bottom.
For the manufacture of the lower case, you will need to cut 8 squares of plywood 450x296 mm and 450x300 mm (provided that plywood is chosen with a thickness of 4 mm). Plywood sheets must be glued together. On the lower edge, they must coincide, a fold is formed along the upper one, into which a removable floor will be installed in the future. Any construction glue is suitable for gluing.
Further, in one of the resulting side panels, two holes must be drilled. They are made in the center at an altitude of 15 mm from the bottom and 60 mm on top. The holes are called - the summer and serve so that the bees can fall into the hive and fly back behind the nectar. The flyers make both rectangular and round in shape. The lower, as a rule, is made with a height of 5-7 mm and a long 250-300 mm long, the upper has a circle with a diameter of 7 to 15 mm.
The next step is the assembly of the case. This procedure is carried out by means of a drill and wood screws. Since the plywood is not intended for the power of screwing the screws, the joints must be drilled at the beginning with a drill of smaller diameter (than the thickness of the screw). For reliable fixation, 6 screws from each side are enough (purely from a construction point of view, sufficient strength will be achieved even with four screws).
The box is ready, but it still needs to be equipped with a real bottom. To do this, go cut a square with a size of 454x454 mm. Before screwing it with screws, it is necessary to smear the surfaces of the surfaces with glue. This will reduce heat loss as much as possible and exclude drafts.
Visiting strips (2 pcs.) And bulk fake are cut out of the remains of the sheet. Visiting strips should be at least 20 mm in width and 300-350 mm long. Falsity bulkheads are made 450 mm in length and 90 mm in width (you need 5 planks).
Next, collect the second case. The procedure is approximately the same, only a stationary floor is not necessary and instead of two pilots one is done (which on top). Falsity is also not needed. The second box is covered with a lid. The size of the cover is 500x500 mm. Along its perimeter they glue, and then the strips of 4 mm wide are screwed, which then enter the upper fold and provide the most dense fit of the lid.
The upper building is placed on the lower, the cassettes are installed, after which it remains only to start the bees. Depending on the type of cassettes, an installation along the inner perimeter of the box of additional planks for fixation may be needed.
Such a hive is suitable for transportation, and its design allows you to easily transfer the winter. For this, bees from the upper hive are driven to the lower one. The top is cleaned in the barn, and in the lower hive, the temperature acceptable for the life of bees will be maintained even without insulation.
Hives for nomadic beekeeping
The manufacture of hives from plywood is not limited to the creation of monolithic structures. Quite often, plywood serves only as a frame to which the foam is attached. This method is optimal for creating portable very light hives. For work, it is necessary to prepare 8 plywood planks that are collected in a spike. The main frame is made of them. Its parameters depend on the size of the framework, it is advisable to choose the minimum height. For example, consider the standard store frames 435 × 230 mm.
Thus, the hive should be 439 mm along the width (the missing width must be obtained at the expense of the subframe, which will tie the box around the perimeter). The size cannot be done, since the cassette will go tight, which will lead to its spoilage and aggression from the bees. The length depends on the number of cassettes, usually 10 of them (each cassette accounts for 30 mm of space). The height of the box should be 250 mm. Plywood remains strength with a minimum width of 25 mm, respectively, it accounts for 50 mm from the total height of the wall, then the foam is cut 200 mm high.
Further, the fittings are well glued with construction glue and sheets of foam are inserted between the bar planes. It is not necessary to screw them with screws (like the plywood itself). Glue will be enough.
The hive of plywood and foam is reliable and weighs extremely little, therefore it is ideal for nomadic beekeeping. The bottom has only the first box, the roof is only the last. All intermediate elements are placed on each other. Do not forget to drill the summer in each of them and install the arrival bar.
This technology allows you to create home -made analogues of Dadan, so you need experience to work with such hives.
Box for multi -level hives
Hotes from plywood, the drawings of which are in abundance on the Internet, differ primarily in the size of cassettes. This is the first thing to build up from creating your own drawing. How to work with the size of the cassett is indicated above, so we consider how the technology for the production of boxes differs.
Multi -level hives are suitable for inpatient use at home. Certain inconveniences are created by the fact that bees must be driven in the lower levels for the winter so that they do not freeze. Avoiding this procedure is easy enough.
All that is necessary is to sheathe the box with foam. But the material has one drawback, it is not suitable for the life of bees. Therefore, you can’t skin from the inside. If you perform the procedure outside, the foam will begin to crumble and collapse.
The only option to avoid this is to make a double case, between which a foam sheet will be located. The bottom of the lower section must be made taking into account the final size of the side wall.
In the last compartment, the foam does not need to be put flush, leave 4-5 cm. Glue the trim along the perimeter of the lid, and you get a very high-quality monolithic connection, which protect from heat loss by 98%. How to make a hive from plywood, the video will show more clearly.
Sacred secrets of bees
From ancient times, the bees were considered sacred defenders of the house. The owners of the apiary often avoided the consequences of natural disasters, and their well -being always surprised others. There are many theories in this regard, so only a few facts.
The bees were revered by the Egyptians, the North Germanic tribes, the South American Indians and even in Tibet. In history there are records of how a fire in the village bypassed the house with apiary. But, in order for the magic of bees to work, it is necessary to observe a simple rule - to place one hive in each corner of the site.
