How to make a staircase frame with your own hands

It is difficult to imagine a private two -story house without a staircase. The construction of the stairs in the house is one of the most difficult tasks in the construction process, since this structural element is located indoors and should not only be strong, but also correspond to the general design idea. It is especially worth noting that the staircase in the house should be safe and withstand heavy loads. To do this, it must have a strong frame. About how to make the frame of the stairs with your own hands - further.

Types of stairwell for home

Most often, stair marches used in private houses are made of metal. Wooden stairs are not too popular, because with the same bearing ability they are more sophisticated and occupy more space. In addition, it is more difficult to work with a tree and it is quite whimsical in care.

Metal stairs are easier to mount, more durable and unpretentious in operation. They can be used both as a finished design, and as a frame on which elements of glass, wood or plastic will be assembled.

Metal stairs, depending on their configuration, are:

• Spiral.
• Turned.
• Marching.
• Rifle.
• Arched.
• With the presence of a site or without it.
• Closed or open type.

The frames of intra -house stairs are:

1. Hidden. Such a frame is made of black metal for finishing with other materials. As a rule, during the construction of such a staircase, they do not care too much about the appearance of the final structure, because all defects in welding or metal will be hidden under the finish. A special emphasis during the installation of hidden frames is placed at the structure of the structure. This option is best for beginners.
2. Open frames do not provide additional finishes and therefore should be mounted impeccably. The quality of the metal and the appearance of the welds should be “on top”. Such stairs are for the most part of a work of art that can decorate any interior. For the manufacture and installation of stairs with open frames, you need great work experience.

Production and installation of the frame of the stairs. Necessary tools

If the decision to build a staircase is still made, it is necessary to have the following tools:

• Welding machine.
• A set of electrodes (brand and diameter depend on the metal used).
• Metal, depending on the configuration of the stairs (corner, channel, square pipe, etc.).
• Corner grinder with sets of circles (for cutting metal and stripping joints). Do not save on circles, cutting with a cleaning circle and cleaning the detachment is unacceptable for security reasons.

Materials for metal processing: metal brush (you can use a special nozzle for a drill or grinder), primer, paint, rust converter.

Basic requirements for installing a staircase march

To mount a staircase that will be convenient and safe, and also lasts many years, you need to know the basic requirements for it. Based on them, at the initial stage of work, it is necessary to make and hang out all the calculations, because working with metal does not forgive errors, it will be very difficult to fix them.

• The optimal width of the flight of stairs is from 0.8 to 1 m.
• The height of the railing should be at least 0.9 m so that they are convenient for people with any growth.
• The height of the step should not exceed 0.2 m, and the width of at least 0.3 m. With a higher step, it will be difficult to rise on the stairs, especially people with problematic health.
• The load that the staircase should withstand is: for the entire structure - at least 200 kg, for the railing - at least 100 kg.
• The slope of the stairwell should not exceed 45 °.
• The distance between the stairs and the wall of the room should be no more than 5 cm.

Types of frames of metal and staircases

Usually, in the construction of private home, stairs make two types:

1. With one Kosuor. The support of such a frame is the central beam, which passes along the central axis of the stairs. This design looks pretty attractive and a little “airy”. Thanks to this frame, the staircase, as if hanging in the air. However, from a technical point of view, it is much more difficult to make a frame of such a staircase, by increasing the load on one beam and on the elements of the steps. To increase their reliability and reduce the likelihood of deformation of the steps, you will have to scatter additional braces and scarves.
2. With two Kosouors. Although such stairs do not look too attractive, they have a huge margin of strength. Such a metal frame, the price of which due to simplicity is not too high, makes them an excellent choice for beginner builders. It is two metal beams on which the metal structures of the steps are welded.

Making the frame of the stairs with two scums

For such a frame you will need two I -beams and a steel corner with a shelf of at least 32 mm.

The length of the beams is calculated quite simply. To do this, it is necessary to measure the height from the floor of the first floor to the final floor of the second floor, as well as the distance from the point of touching the stairs to the floor of the first floor to the perpendicular from the point of touch to the floor of the second floor.

Suppose that the height between the floors of two floors (a) is 2.5 meters, and the distance from the beginning of the stairs to the perpendicular (B) is 4.5 meters.

In this case, using the Pythagoras theorem, you can calculate the length of a pair of beams.

WITH ²\u003d A ² + In ², in our case, it will be 5.1 m.

Next, you need to check the future angle of inclination of the stairs. As mentioned earlier, it should be no more than 45 °.

To do this, you need to calculate the sin of the angle and with the help of a special table of brady, known since school, to determine the angle.

To do this, we divide the height between the floor of the first and second floor by the length of the stair beam (Kosuura).

Sin α \u003d a/c \u003d 0.485643. According to the table, such a sin value corresponds to an angle of 29 °, which is quite acceptable.

Next, you need to calculate the number of steps. To do this, take into account their height and depth.

With a normal height of 18 cm, 14 steps are obtained on our staircase, in which case their depth will be: 4.5/14 \u003d 32 cm, which is quite enough for its comfortable use.

So, our staircase will have a length of 5.1 m. 14 steps 18 cm high and 32 cm deep. Depending on this, the amount of the corner can be calculated. One step will go (18+32) x 2 \u003d 0.8 m, respectively on the entire stairs: 0.8 x 14 \u003d 11.2 meters. It is better to buy a couple of meters more with a margin. If pieces remain, they will definitely not be superfluous on the farm.

It is better to weld the designs of the steps with installed beams. It is necessary to use the parallelism of two halves of each stage using a level.

When working on welding structures, you need to pay attention to the quality of the weld. It should be strong, because the stairs will have to withstand significant loads. After the welding work is completed, all seams must be carefully cleaned with a grinder.

When the frame of the stairs is cooked, it is necessary to carry out its anti -corrosion treatment in order to prevent its rust and improve the appearance. To do this, it is better to use three -layer painting: a primer layer and two layers of enamel.

Now you can install railings and steps. The steps are best finished with wood. They have an attractive appearance and are not too noisy in comparison with the metal steps.

Installation of the frame of the screw staircase

The frames of screw stairs are more complicated in execution and design, so they are rarely trying to mount them without experience. However, such stairs look very attractive and at the same time take up much less space than marching.

Work order:

1. For the manufacture of the frame of a spiral staircase, two pipes of a suitable diameter will be used. The first (smaller diameter) is necessary for installing the staircase rack, and the second (larger diameter) will be used to make the steps of the stairs. It must be cut into pieces of the same size (approximately 180-200 mm) using a grinder.
2. It is important to cut strictly at right angles in order to achieve the correct angle of the steps.
3. For the convenience of assembling steps, it is better to make a wood template in which you can fix the pipe, put the corners and cook them together in one part. When using the template, it will be possible to achieve the same steps, which is important not only with aesthetic, but also from a structural point of view.
4. After all the steps are ready, they must be put on the central rack. If the diameter of the latter does not allow the steps to be rigidly attached to it, and they will play, then it is necessary to use sealing rings. They are made from the rod of the required diameter.
5. The finished design is installed strictly vertically, the correct position of the central pipe is checked using the level. For reliability, the lower end is better to concrete. The upper end of the base is attached to the overlap with the help of flanges or, if the overlap from reinforced concrete plates is inserted into the hole in it and is sealed with the solution.
6. When the design is installed on the workplace, it is necessary to set the steps in such a way that the perpendicular is between the far corner of the previous step and the near angle of the subsequent.
7. I weld the steps between themselves to give them additional stiffness. The last case is set the railing. For their manufacture, a square of square section is used.
8. After that, with a grinder, welding seams are cleaned and anti -corrosion treatment is carried out. After the metal frame of the stairs dries from the paint, wooden steps are installed on it.

Stairs on a metal frame: video