How to make the doorway in the bearing wall

To optimize the planning of the apartment, changes in the functionality of some rooms or uniting two rooms in one, do not do without such work as the organization of new doorways.

Most walls in panel houses carrying and demolition are not subject to. But with the right approach, you can make the opening in the bearing wall in any place. It is only necessary to take into account all the characteristics of the wall and perform all the rules and standards of cutting the opening. The procedure for manufacturing a new opening can be divided into three stages: Punching of the outlook itself, its finishing and decor.

Project Operation and its coordination

In multi-storey houses, almost all walls are carriers. Dismantling them without the presence of the appropriate permission is illegal and may carry consequences. Before making the outlook, it is necessary to obtain appropriate permissions in responsible for these organizations. This is necessary not only for personal tranquility, but also in order to get all the necessary information about the type of wall and its features to break through and strengthen the opening correctly.

Properly fortified opening in the carrier wall can be installed in any places for some exceptions: the openings cannot be made under the joints of the beams beams, overlaps, one cannot disrupt the integrity of the columns and columns. Therefore, the organization of the opening should be started only with the premises plan on the hands.

How to punch the opening

When all the coordination passed and there is a ready-made project with a resolution, you can proceed to work. Their algorithm looks like this:

• Wall markup for future opening. Be sure to note the place in which the jumper will be placed. The jumper is the strengthening structure that will support the stove after cutting in it. The jumper consists of a channels bonded between themselves, the most optimal amount is two. Devices of the opening in the carrier without this part are dangerous consequences for the entire building.
• When all the markup points are placed, in the corners of the rectangle formed through holes drill. As a result, operating points are obtained on the other side of the wall.
• If work is carried out in a brick wall, then it is necessary to check whether the jumper will sign all its elements. To do this, it is necessary to remove part of the finish at those points where the slave will be installed according to the plan, and adjust the markup under the horizontal of the brick masonry.

• A niche pierces the chisel and hammer into the jumper further inserted.
• Drill or perforator are made through bolt holes.
• The formed niche from one edge is filled with a solution, and a channel is inserted from the other. From the reverse side of the wall, the second channel is installed in the same way. The space between these two structures and the wall is filled with a solution. Concrete does not fill only space for tightening jumper mounts.
• Shawliers are tightened with each other with bolts. They are passed through the left holes, dress the washers and nuts, twist. It is best to use chawllars with a diameter of 20 mm, a step between them - 40 cm.
• Further work is carried out only after complete drying of the solution.
• Cutting openings in the bearing walls is carried out consistently not to disturb the integrity of the whole wall. Works are carried out gradually and small areas. The holes are drilled throughout the area of \u200b\u200bthe area through each 2-3 cm, the diameter of the holes is 10-12 mm. The holes should be so much that 10-12 squares can be held between them.
• Diamond sharp or a circular with diamond spraying for the grinder Cut on the outdoor body all body openings. Dust When conducting data, it is possible to remove with the help of a construction vacuum cleaner or water shutter.
• We divide the total area of \u200b\u200bopening by 10-12 squares, which are then removed. We are ready, it is ready to strengthen and decorate it.

Advice: If it is not planned to repair the floor in the room in which a new doorway is organized, it is recommended to be closed by boards.

Strengthening the opening in the bearing wall

Before decorating a new opening, it must be strengthened in order to avoid the formation of cracks and the deformation of the walls. The most common strengthening methods:

• single-row - ordinary strengthening of a channel, suitable for concrete and brick walls;
• corner - openings edged with a corner;
• boxed, double-row with a screedpin - combines both a single-row and corner increase in strengthening, the most complex and overhaul, which is suitable for complex structures and bearing walls.

Single-row amplification has already been described above. It is preliminary and is an organization of a design of two channels, which are pulled by bolts and strengthened concrete. This design has a disadvantage that requires further decor - channels protrude from the wall on the width of their shelves and can spoil the appearance of the opening and room.

Corner gain is most often used in panel houses. In this case, the opening is strengthened by two frames from the corners, which are installed on both sides of the wall and bind with steel plates on all sides of the door hole. Additionally, the design can be strengthened with anchor studs or reinforcement, which is attached to chemical anchor.

The size of the corners are selected on the basis of the floor, on which the works, the thickness of the plate and the total floor of the building are carried out. The minimum size of this part is 63x5 mm, the maximum - 140x90x 12 mm. A very reliable increase in the construction method, since after installing the design, it is possible to undergo its stitches between the wall and the steel frame.

Boxed, double-row amplification is the most capital view of the opening of the opening. It is relevant for dilapidated buildings in which metal structures in the opening should strengthen concrete or brickwork, and not contribute to its destruction. For this, all the seams and gaps between the design and the wall are filled with self-seeping solution. In the installation of this design, the corners and channels, which are located along the entire length of the opening.

Exterior Decoration of the doorway

After the end of all works, the doorway must be separated. To do this, you can use wood, plastic, plasterboard, decorative stone or plaster mixes. The latter option is most attractive with its durability and environmental purity. Due to the lack of joints and edging, the finished slope will look most presentable. Another plus plaster - the solution will fill all the slots and emptiness and will additionally strengthen the entire design. The process of plastering of door sluts looks like this:

1. First of all, it is necessary to make sure of the reliability of the entire structure once again, and then start making the solution. The solution is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3 - on 1 shovel of cement 3 sand spades.
2. For this type of work, use a template that can be made from any durable sheet material. If you do not plan to install the door in the opening, the corners should be protected using angular profiles. They are installed on both sides of the opening, and the space between them is filled with a solution, immediately removing all its excess and leveling the surface.
3. After drying the solution, the doorway is painted on an acrylic basis. Advice: For plastering the upper part of the opening, you can add a little alabaster to the solution, it will speed up the process of frozen and the layers will not disappear.
4. For deep doorways, you can use drywall finish. Plus this type of finish is also in the fact that you can easily give the way any shape.

Gypsum trim is very simple:

1. The strips are cut out of the large sheet, the size of which corresponds to the size of the doorway.
2. The surface of the opening is treated with alabaster or cement before smoothness to fill all voids under the slope.
3. Plasterboard is glued to the surface with glue. You can mount sheets on a special L-shaped profile.
4. The opening is covered with decorative plaster.
5. You can use not plasterboard, but plastic panels or decorative stone. But the most durable and reliable way to finish door sluts recognize the cement screed, which has already been described above. The doorway is subjected to a variety of mechanical impacts that plasterboard or plastic panels may not withstand. In case of violation of their integrity, the entire design of the slope will be necessary. The cement screed can be easily repaired and lead to the primordial appearance.

Doorway decor

If the doorways in the carrier walls are created open, that is, without a subsequent installation of doors in them, it gives a wide scope of fantasy in the further decoration of the hole. To organically, enter a new opening to the entire room, you can use the Councils below.

• Registration of opening arch. This option is one of the most popular. It helps to smooth the sharp corners of the doorway, remove unnecessary doors, and the space liberated behind them or the picture. There are two main options for organizing the Arch. The first is ideal for a narrow opening. To implement it, at the top of the opening, the fine design is the framework, which is the basis for the profile. The frame is trimmed by plywood or plasterboard. The second option is suitable for wide opening, it helps to create designs of intricate shape, as on the larger area you can create a frame of any configurations. The sidelines are fixed to the imitation of the P-shaped columns, it gives a special style and sophistication. The opening can be painted or placed under stone or marble, arrange stucco or molding. Another interesting solution for a wide opening is to install in it shelves. When mounting the frame, leave a place for the equipment of the built-in shelves along the side part of the opening. Arch arch can be made as a asymmetric or symmetric, any radius.

• Registration with mosaic or stained glass windows. Open areas of the opening decorated with stained glass or mosaic tiles. They are sold at any store of goods for repair and building materials. The sheets of such a decor are glued simply: glue is applied to small sections of the wall, on which small areas of decoration are immediately attached, you need to move from top to bottom.
• Registration of columns and semi-column. This type of decor looks luxurious, but comes only for opening rooms in rooms with high ceilings - from 2.5 m. The columns are available in the form of hollow structures that consist of body, bases and capitals. They are simply cut and mounted. The semi-colonins also cover the pipes and risers in close room to improve the interior.
• Molding design. These products are available in a variety of configurations and can be very vessels. Molding is attached to glue, and then cover the paint of any color.
• Curtain design. Curtains can be purchased ready or made independently. The original design solution is the curtains consisting of beads rented on the threads and decorative elements of any form. For the manufacture of such a decor, you only need to think about the colors, acquire materials and strengthen the eaves over the doorway, on which the product will then fix. Specialists in human psychology conducted a number of studies, which showed that the curtains from hanging threads have a beneficial effect on the mood, give positive emotions and create internal comfort.