Summer kitchen at the cottage is not only the ability to prepare in a comfortable environment, but also a beautiful art object, which is simultaneously able to perform the functions of the dining room, skewer, stove or even smoking. It is quite simple to build it, the only thing that will require is a desire.
Content
Preparatory stage
As in any construction, it all starts with a plan. Summer kitchen, the projects of which there are both in fashion magazines and on the Internet, should be thought out to the smallest detail. Therefore, before the start of creating your own design, it is desirable to study the source material.
To begin with, consider the types of summer kitchens, they happen:
- open
- closed.
Open kitchens consist of gender and roofs and are analogs of arbors, often used as canteens. In such buildings, the appearance of the exterior is of great importance. From a practical point of view, they are not very convenient, as they have too narrow-profile specialization. In addition, there are 2-3 rows of paving slabs around the kitchen, otherwise the entire floor inside will be in the swamp. Despite these small disadvantages, this option is very popular today.
Largely due to the fact that the central element of such a kitchen is a real furnace-brand. Its part of it is an open marriage for cooking grill, the second allows the oven classic pizza, bread, cooking real Mamalygu, etc. One of the species of such furnaces is Tandar, widely known in Caucasian kitchen.
Closed kitchens perform several functions at once. First, the presence of walls allows them to use them for constant storage of dishes, tools, products and other things (for example, street chairs, chaise lounge, etc., if enough area). Secondly, the closed kitchen is often separated into two rooms, one part is assigned to cooking, the second for storing the conservation. If desired, it is equipped into the smokehouse, which allows you to prepare sausages, smoked meat and fish.
Materials for construction
Summer cuisine, in most cases, is not erected for one year, so the question of choosing materials needs to be approached carefully. Consider the most acceptable options:
- wood,
- foam concrete
- brick,
- stone.
The tree is an option for the lazy. For the price of the kitchen will cost at the level with other materials, but the installation process will take the minimum amount of time. It is optimally assembled from the glued timber, it will be signed and driven by either the manufacturer or directly in the store. After delivery will remain just folded the finished design. It does not require special skills, since exactly the grooves exclude the possibility of error. It will last material with due process at least 100 years, and if you care for it, it is much more.
Foam concrete is the cheapest option. Unfortunately, the appearance will be appropriate. Because of this, additional decoration will be required. Thus, the cost of building a kitchen often exceeds the remaining options. Foam concrete service life of about 80 years.
Active savings - brick. You should choose a red burned clay. This is an eternal material that looks very aesthetically and does not need to care. Nevertheless, the construction process will be the longest and time consuming. Summer kitchen made of brick has another indisputable advantage, even in case of fire, the box will destroy. Say raid is easy to remove soapy water. After that, the appearance will be like new.
Natural stone, despite its cost, is also a good choice. The inhomogeneity of the texture allows not to think over the pattern and do not follow the straight corners. Fireproof, durability and original appearance, also spoke in his favor. The only very insignificant drawback is to spend time to find a retailer of natural crushed stone (more often sell-blanks or wholesale plates). On the other hand, in the presence of own vehicles, the material is easy to bring themselves alone and for free.
How to build a summer kitchen
The whole range of works are divided into the following steps:
- construction of the foundation
- construction of walls
- roof mounting
- installation of the ceiling
- installing floor
- decoration
- equipment installation.
Foundation is understood as the foundation. Its parameters depend on the type of kitchen. For open, it is enough to pour a small ribbon foundation in a depth of 20-30 cm and 10 cm wide. The ditch should be pulled out with a depth of 30-40 cm and fill out 5 cm of sand and rubble (rubble - lower layer).
The weight of a closed summer kitchen, especially if we are talking about brick and a stone, will be large enough. For solid soils (clay, stone-clay), a wide ribbon foundation (at least 30 cm) is a depth of 50 cm. Drainage must be made as follows - 5 cm rubble, then 10 cm of sand (the total ditch depth is 65 cm).
If the cottage is located in the area with peat and chernozem, then a monolithic foundation must be made in obligatory. The depth of the pit is at least 40 cm. 5 cm rubble is poured onto the bottom, then 7-10 cm of sand, then 1-2 cm rubble. For the second time, the crusher is done in order for it to absorb the solution and created additional faces of the load distribution. This will avoid shrinkage.
The exception is only the regions with sub-waters. The only way that will exclude shrinkage is a pile foundation, but it is quite expensive. Therefore, the monolith is more often made. Shrinkage ranges from a few millimeters to one centimeter per year. If you raise the foundation level by 20-30 cm above the ground, the kitchen will flash at least 100 years without cracks or other visible defects.
In all the above cases, the foundation height should be at least 10 cm above the ground level. In order to ensure the necessary height before the fill, you need to collect a formwork. The foundation will become about 5 days, while it must be watered with cold water at least three times a day. The first watering is carried out the next morning after the foundation is edited.
We erect the wall
Regardless of the type of kitchen, you will have to build angular columns. If we are talking about indoor kitchen, then they are a conventional wall, for an open is an important element that performs a carrying function with respect to the roof.
Columns should be located at the corners of the perimeter of the kitchen. Their height is equal to the planned ceiling height. To save materials, we use the European standard 2.5 m, but in practice the ceilings below 2.8 meters look extremely slaughter.
The width of the column value does not have. The load is distributed evenly and falls on the foundation, so the parameter is determined by the taste preferences (for construction standards it is enough to make masonry in two bricks).
If we plan to build wide columns, then the masonry is made in one brick, and the cement mortar is poured into the middle. Prepare it (as for the masonry itself) from the ratio of 3 parts of the sand and 1 part of the cement.
If we are talking about a tree, it is enough to install on one beam in every corner. In this case, it is necessary to fix the lower edge using the corners. Beams are always put on the foundation. From the reliability side, there is enough section 5x5 cm, from aesthetic point of view, the cross section 10x10 looks much more beautiful.
Now let's talk about the construction of a solid wall. Before starting this work, it is necessary to think about how the windows will be located and visually submit them on the future wall. Next, a stick is laughed in the ground, the upper end of which is on the same level with the planned window. Stick put on the corner from which the laying starts.
Brick, slagoblock and stone are placed in equally - rows. They first erect one wall to a height of 40-60 cm, then go to another. This approach is necessary in order to constantly monitor the angle of inclination of the wall. For brick and slagoblock The ratio of the wall-land must be strictly 90 0 for stone, a small error in 2-3 degrees is allowed.
It is very important to lay brick rows, especially for red clay, since this is the only way to create a pattern, in addition, the load is uniformly distributed, which increases the strength of the structure. When the height before the lower boundary of the window is typed, the rows are placed from the angle to the side part of the opening, then the procedure is repeated from the opposite side. The upper border of the window opening is closed by a channel, it must lie on the wall at least 10 cm on both sides. The upper part of the height is made by analogy with the bottom.
Tip: If a large gap is formed between the planned opening and the end of the masonry, it is not necessary to cut and put a stone into it. When installing the window, all empties will be played by mounting foam.
A convex summer kitchen, which is often found on the Internet, although it looks quite original, but in practice it is very unreliable. Each next row of bricks is placed with a certain step. The finished wall is placed, as a result, the kitchen has an oval shape. This technology was used in the Middle Ages for the arrangement of vaulted basements and was quite reliable. The difference lies in the fact that on the arch presses the entire mass of the structure of the chapter bricks in the castle and not letting it dispense or prick. The greatest pressure falls on the first row of stone, respectively, the total load does not give the walls and the ceiling will collapse. In the case of the kitchen, the roof weight is not enough to create the necessary pressure.
Roof mounting and ceiling
The basis of any roof - rafters. Their design and dimensions depend on the form you want to give the roof. If the kitchen is small, the rafter box is fully assembled on the ground and then raise and installed on walls or columns. For premises with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 20 square meters. m. It is appropriate to collect rafters at the place. At the beginning, the support beams are fixed, frameworks are mounted on them, after which jumpers and binding crossbars are installed.
Heater for the summer kitchen thing is optional, but moisture and vaporizolation are still needed. Further, the rafters are covered with a crate to which roofing coating. Its selection depends only on your preferences. And then proceed to the arrangement of the ceiling.
The procedure is performed in two versions:
- firmware
- monolithic.
The liner involves decoking the rafted with PVC panels and lining. It is quickly relatively cheap and does not waste the design. Unfortunately, it does not always look impressive. Therefore, it is better to raftee even from below and make a smooth monolithic ceiling. More expensive analogue - stretch ceiling, but on the summer kitchen it is impractical to install it, since after the winter will have to pull it up.
Installation of the floor
The floor is always done last. This is due to the fact that when performing any types of work, all the garbage, dirt and tools fall on the floor, if you want it in advance, then the appearance after the construction will be desired.
By and large, special issues with the floor do not arise. Optimal options:
- wood,
- tile,
- animal skins.
Wooden boards are suitable in the case of a belt foundation. To install them, you will need to set the supports at a distance of 40 cm from each other. They should be perpendicular to the direction of the geepboard. With all visible advantages (ease of installation, environmental friendliness, the durability, the effect of the warm floor), a significant minus is that the boards should be treated with special protective vessels, after which it is painted to the desired color and paint colorless cellulose nitrolac. As a result, the smell will be passed only in 3-5 weeks.
The tile is the perfect option for the monolithic foundation. All you need:
- tile glue
- grout
- putty knife.
By the time of laying is fast enough, but it all depends on the size of the tiles.
Animal skins - combined solution. Throw them right on the solid foundation on tile or wood floor. It applies only if the kitchen is planned to walk barefoot.
Tip: If the installation of the furnace is planned, it should be carried out before work on the arrangement of floor covering.
Decoration and equipment installation
On the one hand, a summer kitchen with his hands ready, but then you must also give it the appearance of priglyadny:
- stone and bricks do not require decorating,
- wood preservatives should be opened (to change the color if you want - to paint)
- cinder blocks need to plaster decorative plaster or impose artificial stone.
After the end of external works, go to the exterior arrangement. The most interesting today Provence and Castle Style, but this is the case of your imagination. Internal design should be well thought out and draw on paper or with special computer programs. This will make it possible to determine with the choice of furniture and go in search of everything you need. Naturally, any furniture, if desired, easy to make it yourself and optimize it under your taste and functional preferences.
