Immediately after the purchase of the site, the question arises about the supply of communications. First of all, this applies to electricity, since without light it is difficult to imagine the construction and further operation of absolutely any house. Despite the apparent simplicity, this issue requires a detailed consideration, otherwise problems will subsequently arise, which will be difficult to eliminate.
Content
- Theoretical aspects of connecting electricity to a private house
- Paperwork for connecting electricity to a private house
- Calculation of the load on the electric network
- Components for connecting electricity to a private house
- How much does it cost to connect electricity to the house
- How to connect electricity to home
Theoretical aspects of connecting electricity to a private house
In order to systematize the procedure, it is logical to make an action plan:
- formal stage,
- the calculation of the load,
- the choice of components,
- connection.
The formal stage includes the preparation of the necessary documents and obtaining permission at the relevant authorities.
The calculation of the load is necessary in order to choose the right components correctly. The cable, protective devices, miniTransformer and other elements differ primarily in physical properties, so the high price does not guarantee a high -quality supply of electricity.
The connection process is also quite important. Firstly, there are certain requirements for a violation of which will have to pay a fine, and secondly, incorrect connection is fraught with unpleasant consequences.
Paperwork for connecting electricity to a private house
If you connect the electricity from the pillar, without collecting the necessary package of certificates and permits, the check will soon come and oblige me to pay a fine of 30,000 rubles. And more. Therefore, you should start with a trip to the appropriate RES.
To conclude the contract you will need:
- passport,
- certificate of ownership,
- the act of examination of the site.
Other certificates may also be required depending on the region. The examination act draws up a district engineer after it examines the site and makes sure that there are no signs of unauthorized electricity connection on it.
If it is necessary to connect electricity in the country, which is located in a country cooperative or village, you should clarify the procedure for paperwork in a local council or at the chairman of the cooperative. In both cases, RES concludes a collective agreement with specific conditions for connecting consumers.
The presence of permission allows you to move directly to the connection of electricity. Since in most cases, this work is required to do full -time electricians, it is advisable to install a miniTransformer on the site. Thus, the brigade will bury the transformer, set the counter. The rest of the work is performed independently.
The benefit of this method is significant savings. The fact is that for laying cables and connecting a house, electricians of RES will take a high fee. In addition, they will oblige to buy a cable from them at an inflated price, while its quality will be far from the ideal.
In the case of a 380 V transformer in 220 in electricians, according to the standards, they will be required to use a high -quality cable. In addition, a personal transformer will minimize the changes in the voltage and significantly increase the maximum permissible load.
Calculation of the load on the electric network
It is not enough to connect the house to electricity, you also need to correctly calculate the amount of energy consumed. Otherwise, a constant shutdown of light will become the norm. Although the standards set a power rate of 4.5 kW, this figure does not meet modern requests.
- washing machine,
- boiler,
- fridge,
- electric stove,
- electric shout,
- iron,
- electric kettle,
- vacuum cleaner,
- multicooker,
- blander,
- microwave oven.
This is a list of only the most powerful household appliances, the total load of which will be more than 15 kW. Naturally, it is not assumed that all these devices will be included at the same time, but in practice many of them have to be used in joint mode.
Experts recommend making a power supply of 10 kW. It is unrealistic to obtain permission for such a figure in RES, so you need to take a standard contract, and make a wiring already according to the mind.
Components for connecting electricity to a private house
The main one is a cable. When choosing it, it is important to remember that aluminum, although cheaper, is very inferior to copper in the entire parameter. Therefore, for the house in which it is planned to live constantly, it is better to immediately buy a copper cable.
Since we chose the maximum power at the level of 10 kW, the main cable, which will go from the transformer to the distribution panel, should have a cross section of 6 mm. It is important to know that the cable laid openly has higher bandwidth than the one that lies in the ground. Therefore, for laying in the pipe you need to use a cable with a cross section of 8 mm.
Do not be afraid of the cost of this product, firstly, it needs only 10-20 m, and secondly, it is still much cheaper than changing the entire wiring and buying new household appliances.
Next is the most interesting part. According to the technological requirements, a docking machine should be faced with the counter. As a rule, the electricians themselves put it, but it is not fixed with a seal. Therefore, it can be replaced independently. With a maximum load of 10 kW, the current strength in the wire reaches a value of 50 A. Standard machines go by 16 A. It is necessary to replace their insides with an automatic machine with 50 A. In this case, the externally does not differ, but the machine is in full inside the machine in the full The way is suitable for requests.
The counter is placed on an output current of 220 V. Therefore, the mining machine will not be allowed to be supplied with the required value. On the other hand, if it spends on a meter, designed for 380 V, then the problem with a doctoral automaton is solved by itself. A good option is AP-50 circuit breakers.
Next, you need to select a distribution shield. The main criterion is that it must protect wiring from negative environmental factors. Especially if the distributor is installed on the street. Plastic boxes are optimally suitable. Metal is inappropriate due to the exposure of corrosion.
Next, you should install accounting machines and connect the mother cable. The number of machines is determined by the number of rooms plus boiler and air conditioning, if provided. Electrical heating also requires a separate machine. The principle of connecting each room to a separate machine allows you to make the load as evenly as possible and saves the budget in a certain way.
If we are talking about the kitchen, then it is clear that there is a lion's share of electricity consumers. Therefore, you need to take the same cable with a section of 6 mm. For everything else, a cable with a section of 2.5 mm is suitable. Sometimes all lighting is put on a separate machine. In practice, this is not convenient, because because of one light bulb through the whole house, lighting will disappear.
The power of the accounting machines increases similarly to how it is done in the doctors.
How much does it cost to connect electricity to the house
There is no point in a review of the cost of various brigades, since prices vary depending on the mood of the foreman. Therefore, we consider only objective investments:
- cable with a cross section of 6 mm - from 30 rubles. per 1 m.
- cable with a section of 2.5 mm - from 12 rubles. per 1 m.
- domestic machine - from 300 rubles.
- accounting machines - from 90 rubles.
- distribution shield - from 600 rubles.
- the costs of paperwork-1,000-3,000 rubles, the price is indicated taking into account possible nuances.
For approximate calculations, we use standard parameters:
- cable 6 mm is required 20 m, the cost is 600 rubles,,
- a cable with a section of 2.5 mm is required 45 m, the cost is 540 rubles,,
- accounting machines 7 pcs, cost 270 rubles,,
- total about 5,000 rubles.
Prices are indicated for goods that are sold in construction markets. When buying in a construction hypermarket, the cost will be slightly higher. In addition, not all races make a problem from the connection of new consumers, so this article of expenses is leaving.
How to connect electricity to home
Now let's move on to the main thing. The cable with a cross section of 6 mm or 8 mm belongs to power. It is desirable that it is three monolithic wires, land, phase and zero. This option is more expensive than a cross section of thin wiring, but it is more reliable. Connection procedure:
- clean the ends
- connect the wire to the counter,
- stretch the air or underground line, while remembering that the cable needs to support every 20 m.,
- lower or raise the cable to the distribution shield,
- connect it to the automatic relay.
If the relay does not go in the kit with the distribution shield, then it is necessary to buy it separately. At the same time, it is important that it is designed for a current strength of 50 A or more.
Next, machine guns are installed. They are connected directly to the relay. Less commonly, when standard electricians installed the counter directly in the distribution shield, the power cable is brought to the counter, and machine guns are already connected from it. For this, a cable with a section of 2.5 mm is used.
Next, a preliminary layout of the cable is carried out. The maternal cable must consistently squeeze all switches and outlets in the room. For remote lighting devices, you will need a cable with a cross section of 1 mm. Its cost is not large, so it does not affect the general estimate.
After laying the cable, lines of air conditioning, boiler and electric heating are displayed in all rooms. If there is still free space on the counter, then put a spare machine and stretch an additional line from it to the children's room or living room. Here, more often than other premises, an additional load on the power grid occurs. The machine is turned off on the meter, and the cable is hidden in the trash for wiring, which is closed with cardboard, and then either plastered or sealed with wallpaper. The release place must be marked.
As soon as all the wires are connected, the prescription machine is turned on. Modern counters are equipped with an indicator LED, which shows the presence of voltage in the network. If the light is burning, then there is light. Before turning on the accounting machines, you need to wait 1-2 minutes so that the current warms up the cable and evenly distributed on it.
Accounting machines are included in turn. At the time of inclusion, they create an increased load. Although this lasts only a few men, at the same time, the inclusion of all machines at once will lead to a multiple increase in the load and disconnecting or burning off the final machine.
After the first inclusion, you must turn off each machine and turn it on again. This is done in order to check the serviceability of the mechanisms. Sometimes, after the first turning on, off, the machine is either eliminated or turned on only after several attempts. This is a clear evidence that it is defective and is subject to replacement.
After repeated, the power grid is ready for operation. If the recommendations submitted were followed, then wiring problems will not arise for 50-60 years.