An important role in the construction of the foundation of the building plays its waterproofing. It is from the quality of waterproofing work that the term of the full-fledged foundation service, its durability and durability depends.
Content
High-quality waterproofing of the foundation is the pledge of durability of the house, the lack of mold and fungus on its walls, warm and dry microclimate indoors. Work on the waterproofing of the foundation is a complex, long and labor-intensive process. But this does not mean that exclusively professional builders can perform it. With the proper level of desire and patience, it is quite realistic to cope with the waterproofing of the ribbon foundation with their own hands.
Types of waterproofing
There are only two types of foundation waterproofing:
1. Horizontal waterproofing. Produced in the process of building the foundation:
- put all the bottom of the caught clay. The height of the clay layer is 0.3 m.
Tip: A good result gives use instead of clay "sand pillow". Maturely confuse her.
2. Make a concrete tie over the entire surface of the clay. The height of the screed is about 8 cm.
3. Allow time for concrete to harden completely. It will take 10 days.
4. Process frozen screed bitumen or special mastic.
5. Place the treated screed roofing material.
6. Treat the first layer of mastic.
7. Place the top of another layer of roofing material.
8. Make the concrete floor, similar to the previous one.
9. Wait for the concrete pour.
10. Proceed to the construction of the foundation.
11. Do not forget to make the upper surface of the foundation waterproofing.
12. In the presence of high groundwater level does not do without the apparatus of the drainage system. This process - one of the horizontal waterproofing components:
- dig a trench along the entire perimeter of the building. .. The distance from the foundation to the trench - 1 m depth of the trench - 0.25 m deeper lower level foundation, its width - 0.25 m Try to make the trench slope slightly with the expectation that the water poured into it from a collecting sump;
- cover the bottom of the trench geotextile, thus capturing and side walls to a height of 0.7 m;
- pour the bottom of the trench with gravel. Thickness - 5 cm;
- lay on a gravel drainage pipe. You must make the slope of the pipe in the direction of the collecting well. slope angle - 5 mm per 1 m regulation deviation is achieved by changing the thickness of the layer of gravel.;
- laid on the chimney pour gravel. The layer thickness of about 0.25 m;
- cover with gravel strewn with their pipe protruding edges of the geotextile. Try to wrap geotextile as tightly as possible and tightness;
- fill up the trench the ground;
- vertical waterproofing. Is a processing foundation walls.
13. Make a vertical waterproofing the foundation is recommended not only during construction, but later, when the building is constructed and operated. There are many methods of vertical waterproofing of the foundation. Let us examine them in detail.
bituminous waterproofing
This is the most common method of vertical waterproofing. Perfect for waterproofing tape monolithic foundation. The method - processing bitumen basement walls. Bitumen in processing fills all the cracks and gaps. Because of this the building does not get wet. Apply bitumen must be on a flat and dry surface algorithm should be followed:
- Purchase a piece of asphalt.
- Put the bitumen in a metal container. This may be an old barrel or bucket.
- Melt bitumen to a liquid state. To this end, a barrel of bitumen should be placed over a burning fire.
- Apply a melted bitumen on the foundation walls. Try not to miss a single gap.
- Repeat the procedure described above another 3 times.
Tip: Bitume must constantly be in liquid state. Allow bitumens can be cooled only after the end of work. The fact is that the recreated bitumen loses most of its useful properties. To achieve the molten state of the bitumen is easy - do not forget to periodically throw the firewood to the fire.
Tip: Adding a small amount of oil testing to the melted bitumen of oil testing will significantly improve the waterproofing properties of this material.
Industry offers the consumer a wide selection of special mastics for waterproofing processing, which perfectly replace bitumen. They do not need to warm up. Yes, the number of layers of processing is reduced to two.
Among the advantages of the bituminous method of waterproofing, I want to allocate:
- Simplicity. Work does not require special skills, everyone will cope with it.
- Availability of materials. Buy bitumen or special mastic will not be difficult.
- Low cost of materials.
However, there are a number of shortcomings:
- Large time spent. After all, it is necessary to treat the surface of the foundation several times.
- Dogity of this method of waterproofing. To achieve a stable waterproofing effect, you must repeat the processing every 5-7 years.
- The average level of hydrostility foundation treated with an exceptionally bitumen method. Usually, to improve the quality of the final result, the combination of several methods of waterproofing is used.
Ruberoid waterproofing
A good result gives waterproofing a ribbon foundation Ruberoid. The work algorithm is the following:
- Cover the entire surface of the foundation by bitumen or mastic. Such a layer is enough. Bitume in this case plays the role of adhesive, and not a waterproofing substance.
- Take a piece of rubberoid. Heat it using gasoline burner.
- Enter the hot rubberoid on the wall of the foundation.
- The next piece of heated runneroid impose not less than 0.1 m.
- Treat the junction between two adjacent slices with the burner.
Tip: In the absence of a burner, use on the joints with special adhesive mastic. The reliability of waterproofing work is significantly reduced.
Tip: To improve waterproofing, sometimes impose alone, but several layers of rubberoid. Each layer at the same time it is necessary to lift the bitumen.
The advantages of this method of waterproofing.
- Availability of materials. Ruberoid and bitumen are sold at any economic store.
- Low value of materials.
- Durability. Ruberoid waterproofing successfully protects the foundation from the negative impact of moisture over five decades.
The main disadvantage is the impossibility of working independently. Be sure to take at least one assistant. This method is used both independently and together with a bitumen way.
Plaster waterproofing
Excellent way to waterproofing a ribbon foundation. It is not only the protection of the foundation from moisture, but also its alignment. Work on the application of plaster waterproofing is as follows:
- Take the spacious grid.
- Attach it to the walls of the foundation using a dowel.
- Prepare a solution. It includes plastering mixture and hydrostile components.
- Using the spatula, apply the solution on the wall of the foundation covered with the grid.
- Advantages of plastering method: low cost and availability of materials.
- Easy and speed of work.
The disadvantages are:
- Stucco is subject to cracks.
- Plastering is inherent in a rather low level of hydraulic resistance.
- Relative briefness. After 15 years, work will have to repeat.
Waterproofing liquid rubber
The essence of the method - coating the walls of the foundation of liquid rubber:
1. Treat the surface of the edge wall walls. The primer will allow not only to increase waterproofing, but also the clutch of the foundation and rubber.
2. Take a container with liquid rubber. An excellent choice will be one-component tires:
- 'Listophasis. You must apply two layers. The time interval between application is 24 hours. Packaging - buckets of 18 liters. Advantages: Low cost; The ability to use rubber residues later. The bucket is hermetically closed;
- 'Lustomix. Such a layer is enough. Dries in 2 hours. Packaging - 10 l buckets. The cost is higher than that of elastopase. Rubber residues are not subject to storage. This is due to the addition of a special activator to the rubber.
3. Apply liquid rubber on the foundation walls. For applying, use the brush or roller. It makes it easier and speeds up its use of a special sprayer.
The advantages of liquid rubber:
- High waterproofing properties.
- Durability.
- Easy to apply.
The main drawback is the high cost. Yes, and you can buy liquid rubber not in every store. Sometimes requires additional protection against external influences. Stones and construction trash contained in the ground can damage the rubber layer by violating the integrity of waterproofing.
Penetrating waterproofing
Processing the foundation with special penetrating solutions is one of the best answers to the question: how to make waterproofing a belt foundation. The solution does not simply cover the walls of the foundation, but penetrates deep into at least 15 cm.
Work does not require special skills and comes down to the following:
- Purchase a special penetrating solution for waterproofing in the store.
- Clean the walls of the foundation from pollution.
- Put the protective clothing. Mandatory is the presence of gloves and respirator. Desirable - raincoat and headdress.
- With the help of a sprayer, apply a solution for the foundation.
- Wait for the solution to dry.
- Repeat the spray procedure at least 4 times.
The advantages of this method of waterproofing:
- Extremely high waterproofing properties of the foundation treated with penetrating mortar. Yes, it is not surprising. This is not an external protection. The properties of the material itself are changed from which the foundation is made.
- Durability. The foundation treated with penetrating solutions will retain its waterproofing properties not one decade.
- Easy to apply. No special skills and skills are only caution.
- The possibility of using is not only outside, but also from the inside. Treat the basement with penetrating solution and you can forget about dampness.
Not without drawbacks:
- High cost of penetrating mixtures.
- Penetrating mixtures are not sold in every business store.
Screen waterproofing
Relatively new way to waterproofing the foundation. It is as follows: Special mats filled with clay are attached to the walls of the foundation. Fastening mats to the foundation is carried out with the help of a dowel. The mats must be attached to the allen at least 10 cm. Not the most convenient and not the most common way of waterproofing. For ribbon foundations, it is rarely applied.
Clay castle
Very simple and at the same time a rather reliable way to keep moisture:
- Drop along the perimeter of the building trench. Trench depth of about 0.5 m.
- Pour gravel or crushed stone on the bottom of the trench. The height of the layer is about 5 cm.
- Make in the trench and thoroughly try to the clay. Place the clay gradually, in several layers.
The advantages of this method is low cost and simplicity.
It is used for waterproofing small buildings: garages, household buildings. For residential buildings, if applied, only as an additional method of waterproofing.
Finally, a few tips
- Do not stop in one method of vertical waterproofing. Excellent result gives their combination. For example, bitumen insulation and waterproofing rubberoid.
- Do not try to save on the material for waterproofing. Only the use of quality material will allow to achieve an excellent result for a long time.
